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OpenVMS Debugger Manual

Contents (summary)

Part 1 Introduction to the Debugger
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Debugger
Part 2 Command Interface
Chapter 2 Getting Started with the Debugger
Chapter 3 Controlling and Monitoring Program Execution
Chapter 4 Examining and Manipulating Program Data
Chapter 5 Controlling Access to Symbols in Your Program
Chapter 6 Controlling the Display of Source Code
Chapter 7 Screen Mode
Part 3 DECwindows Interface
Chapter 8 Introduction
Chapter 9 Starting and Ending a Debugging Session
Chapter 10 Using the Debugger
Part 4 Advanced Topics
Chapter 11 Using the Heap Analyzer
Chapter 12 Additional Convenience Features
Chapter 13 Debugging Special Cases
Chapter 14 Debugging Multiprocess Programs
Chapter 15 Debugging Vectorized Programs (VAX Only)
Chapter 16 Debugging Tasking Programs
Part 5 Debugger Command Dictionary
Appendix A Predefined Key Functions
Appendix B Built-In Symbols and Logical Names
Appendix C Summary of Debugger Support for Languages
Appendix D EIGHTQUEENS.C
Index
Figures
Examples
Tables

Contents

Part 1 Introduction to the Debugger
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Debugger
- 1.1 Overview of the Debugger
  - 1.1.1 Functional Features
  - 1.1.2 Convenience Features
- 1.2 Preparing an Executable Image for Debugging
- 1.3 Debugging a Program with the Kept Debugger
- 1.4 Interrupting Program Execution and Aborting Debugger Commands
- 1.5 Pausing and Resuming a Debugging Session
- 1.6 Starting the Debugger by Running a Program
- 1.7 Starting the Debugger After Interrupting a Running Program
- 1.8 Ending a Debugging Session
- 1.9 Establishing a Multiprocess Debugging Configuration
- 1.10 Debugging a Program on a Workstation Running DECwindows Motif
- 1.11 Debugging Detached Processes that Run with No CLI
- 1.12 Debugger Command Summary
  - 1.12.1 Starting and Ending a Debugging Session
  - 1.12.2 Controlling and Monitoring Program Execution
  - 1.12.3 Examining and Manipulating Data
  - 1.12.4 Controlling Type Selection and Radix
  - 1.12.5 Controlling Symbol Searches and Symbolization
  - 1.12.6 Displaying Source Code
  - 1.12.7 Using Screen Mode
  - 1.12.8 Editing Source Code
  - 1.12.9 Defining Symbols
  - 1.12.10 Using Keypad Mode
  - 1.12.11 Using Command Procedures, Log Files, and Initialization Files
  - 1.12.12 Using Control Structures
  - 1.12.13 Debugging Multiprocess Programs
  - 1.12.14 Additional Commands
Part 2 Command Interface
Chapter 2 Getting Started with the Debugger
- 2.1 Entering Debugger Commands and Accessing Online Help
- 2.2 Displaying Source Code
  - 2.2.1 Noscreen Mode
  - 2.2.2 Screen Mode
- 2.3 Controlling and Monitoring Program Execution
- 2.4 Examining and Manipulating Program Data
  - 2.4.1 Displaying the Value of a Variable
  - 2.4.2 Assigning a Value to a Variable
  - 2.4.3 Evaluating Language Expressions
- 2.5 Controlling Access to Symbols in Your Program
  - 2.5.1 Setting and Canceling Modules
  - 2.5.2 Resolving Symbol Ambiguities
- 2.6 Sample Debugging Session
Chapter 3 Controlling and Monitoring Program Execution
- 3.1 Commands Used to Execute the Program
- 3.2 Executing the Program by Step Unit
  - 3.2.1 Changing the STEP Command Behavior
  - 3.2.2 Stepping Into and Over Routines
- 3.3 Suspending and Tracing Execution with Breakpoints and Tracepoints
- 3.4 Monitoring Changes in Variables and Other Program Locations
  - 3.4.1 Deactivating, Activating, and Canceling Watchpoints
  - 3.4.2 Watchpoint Options
  - 3.4.3 Watching Nonstatic Variables
    - 3.4.3.1 Execution Speed
    - 3.4.3.2 Setting a Watchpoint on a Nonstatic Variable
    - 3.4.3.3 Options for Watching Nonstatic Variables
    - 3.4.3.4 Setting Watchpoints in Installed Writable Shareable Images
Chapter 4 Examining and Manipulating Program Data
- 4.1 General Concepts
  - 4.1.1 Accessing Variables While Debugging
  - 4.1.2 Using the EXAMINE Command
  - 4.1.3 Using the DUMP Command
  - 4.1.4 Using the DEPOSIT Command
  - 4.1.5 Address Expressions and Their Associated Types
  - 4.1.6 Evaluating Language Expressions
    - 4.1.6.1 Using Variables in Language Expressions
    - 4.1.6.2 Numeric Type Conversion by the Debugger
  - 4.1.7 Address Expressions Compared to Language Expressions
  - 4.1.8 Specifying the Current, Previous, and Next Entity
  - 4.1.9 Language Dependencies and the Current Language
  - 4.1.10 Specifying a Radix for Entering or Displaying Integer Data
  - 4.1.11 Obtaining and Symbolizing Memory Addresses
- 4.2 Examining and Depositing into Variables
  - 4.2.1 Scalar Types
  - 4.2.2 ASCII String Types
  - 4.2.3 Array Types
  - 4.2.4 Record Types
  - 4.2.5 Pointer (Access) Types
- 4.3 Examining and Depositing Instructions
  - 4.3.1 Examining Instructions
  - 4.3.2 Depositing Instructions (VAX Only)
- 4.4 Examining and Depositing into Registers
  - 4.4.1 Processor Status Longword (VAX Only)
  - 4.4.2 Processor Status (Alpha Only)
- 4.5 Specifying a Type When Examining and Depositing
  - 4.5.1 Defining a Type for Locations Without a Symbolic Name
  - 4.5.2 Overriding the Current Type
    - 4.5.2.1 Integer Types
    - 4.5.2.2 ASCII String Type
    - 4.5.2.3 User-Declared Types
Chapter 5 Controlling Access to Symbols in Your Program
- 5.1 Controlling Symbol Information When Compiling and Linking
  - 5.1.1 Compiling
  - 5.1.2 Local and Global Symbols
  - 5.1.3 Linking
  - 5.1.4 Controlling Symbol Information in Debugged Images
  - 5.1.5 Creating Separate Symbol Files (Alpha Only)
- 5.2 Setting and Canceling Modules
- 5.3 Resolving Symbol Ambiguities
  - 5.3.1 Symbol Lookup Conventions
  - 5.3.2 Using SHOW SYMBOL and Path Names to Specify Symbols Uniquely
    - 5.3.2.1 Simplifying Path Names
    - 5.3.2.2 Specifying Symbols in Routines on the Call Stack
    - 5.3.2.3 Specifying Global Symbols
    - 5.3.2.4 Specifying Routine Invocations
  - 5.3.3 Using SET SCOPE to Specify a Symbol Search Scope
- 5.4 Debugging Shareable Images
Chapter 6 Controlling the Display of Source Code
- 6.1 How the Debugger Obtains Source Code Information
- 6.2 Specifying the Location of Source Files
- 6.3 Displaying Source Code by Specifying Line Numbers
- 6.4 Displaying Source Code by Specifying Code Address Expressions
- 6.5 Displaying Source Code by Searching for Strings
- 6.6 Controlling Source Display After Stepping and at Eventpoints
- 6.7 Setting Margins for Source Display
Chapter 7 Screen Mode
- 7.1 Concepts and Terminology
- 7.2 Display Kinds
  - 7.2.1 DO (Command[;...]) Display Kind
  - 7.2.2 INSTRUCTION Display Kind
  - 7.2.3 INSTRUCTION (Command) Display Kind
  - 7.2.4 OUTPUT Display Kind
  - 7.2.5 REGISTER Display Kind
  - 7.2.6 SOURCE Display Kind
  - 7.2.7 SOURCE (Command) Display Kind
  - 7.2.8 PROGRAM Display Kind
- 7.3 Display Attributes
- 7.4 Predefined Displays
  - 7.4.1 Predefined Source Display (SRC)
    - 7.4.1.1 Displaying Source Code in Arbitrary Program Locations
    - 7.4.1.2 Displaying Source Code for a Routine on the Call Stack
  - 7.4.2 Predefined Output Display (OUT)
  - 7.4.3 Predefined Prompt Display (PROMPT)
  - 7.4.4 Predefined Instruction Display (INST)
    - 7.4.4.1 Displaying the Instruction Display
    - 7.4.4.2 Displaying Instructions in Arbitrary Program Locations
    - 7.4.4.3 Displaying Instructions for a Routine on the Call Stack
  - 7.4.5 Predefined Register Displays (REG, IREG, and FREG)
    - 7.4.5.1 Displaying Register Values for a Routine on the Call Stack
- 7.5 Manipulating Existing Displays
  - 7.5.1 Scrolling a Display
  - 7.5.2 Showing, Hiding, Removing, and Canceling a Display
  - 7.5.3 Moving a Display Across the Screen
  - 7.5.4 Expanding or Contracting a Display
- 7.6 Creating a New Display
- 7.7 Specifying a Display Window
  - 7.7.1 Specifying a Window in Terms of Lines and Columns
  - 7.7.2 Using a Predefined Window
  - 7.7.3 Creating a New Window Definition
- 7.8 Sample Display Configuration
- 7.9 Saving Displays and the Screen State
- 7.10 Changing the Screen Height and Width
- 7.11 Screen-Related Built-In Symbols
  - 7.11.1 Screen Height and Width
  - 7.11.2 Display Built-In Symbols
- 7.12 Screen Dimensions and Predefined Windows
- 7.13 Internationalization of Screen Mode
Part 3 DECwindows Interface
Chapter 8 Introduction
- 8.1 Introduction
  - 8.1.1 Convenience Features
- 8.2 Debugger Windows and Menus
  - 8.2.1 Default Window Configuration
  - 8.2.2 Main Window
    - 8.2.2.1 Title Bar
    - 8.2.2.2 Source View
    - 8.2.2.3 Menus on Main Window
    - 8.2.2.4 Call Stack Menu
    - 8.2.2.5 Push Button View
    - 8.2.2.6 Command View
  - 8.2.3 Optional Views Window
    - 8.2.3.1 Menus on Optional Views Window
- 8.3 Entering Commands at the Prompt
  - 8.3.1 Debugger Commands That Are Not Available in the DECwindows Motif Interface
- 8.4 Displaying Online Help About the Debugger
Chapter 9 Starting and Ending a Debugging Session
- 9.1 Starting the Kept Debugger
- 9.2 When Your Program Completes Execution
- 9.3 Rerunning the Same Program from the Current Debugging Session
- 9.4 Running Another Program from the Current Debugging Session
- 9.5 Interrupting Program Execution and Aborting Debugger Operations
- 9.6 Ending a Debugging Session
- 9.7 Additional Options for Starting the Debugger
Chapter 10 Using the Debugger
- 10.1 Displaying the Source Code of Your Program
  - 10.1.1 Displaying Source Code of Another Routine
  - 10.1.2 Displaying Source Code of Another Module
  - 10.1.3 Making Source Code Available for Display
  - 10.1.4 Specifying the Location of Source Files
- 10.2 Editing Your Program
- 10.3 Executing Your Program
  - 10.3.1 Determining Where Execution Is Currently Paused
  - 10.3.2 Starting or Resuming Program Execution
  - 10.3.3 Executing Your Program One Source Line at a Time
  - 10.3.4 Stepping into a Called Routine
  - 10.3.5 Returning from a Called Routine
- 10.4 Suspending Execution by Setting Breakpoints
  - 10.4.1 Setting Breakpoints on Source Lines
  - 10.4.2 Setting Breakpoints on Routines with Source Browser
  - 10.4.3 Setting an Exception Breakpoint
  - 10.4.4 Identifying the Currently Set Breakpoints
  - 10.4.5 Deactivating, Activating, and Canceling Breakpoints
  - 10.4.6 Setting a Conditional Breakpoint
  - 10.4.7 Setting an Action Breakpoint
- 10.5 Examining and Manipulating Variables
  - 10.5.1 Selecting Variable Names from Windows
  - 10.5.2 Displaying the Current Value of a Variable
  - 10.5.3 Changing the Current Value of a Variable
  - 10.5.4 Monitoring a Variable
    - 10.5.4.1 Monitoring an Aggregate (Array or Structure) Variable
    - 10.5.4.2 Monitoring a Pointer (Access) Variable
  - 10.5.5 Watching a Variable
  - 10.5.6 Changing the Value of a Monitored Scalar Variable
- 10.6 Accessing Program Variables
- 10.7 Displaying and Modifying Values Stored in Registers
- 10.8 Displaying the Decoded Instruction Stream of Your Program
- 10.9 Debugging Tasking Programs
  - 10.9.1 Displaying Information About Tasks
  - 10.9.2 Changing Task Characteristics
- 10.10 Customizing the Debugger's DECwindows Motif Interface
  - 10.10.1 Defining the Startup Configuration of Debugger Views
  - 10.10.2 Displaying or Hiding Line Numbers in Source View and Instruction View
  - 10.10.3 Modifying, Adding, Removing, and Resequencing Push Buttons
    - 10.10.3.1 Changing a Button's Label or Associated Command
    - 10.10.3.2 Adding a New Button and Associated Command
    - 10.10.3.3 Removing a Button
    - 10.10.3.4 Resequencing a Button
  - 10.10.4 Editing the Debugger Resource File
    - 10.10.4.1 Defining the Key Sequence to Display the Breakpoint Dialog Box
    - 10.10.4.2 Defining the Key Sequence for Language-Sensitive Text Selection
    - 10.10.4.3 Defining the Font for Displayed Text
    - 10.10.4.4 Defining the Key Bindings on the Keypad
- 10.11 Debugging Detached Processes
Part 4 Advanced Topics
Chapter 11 Using the Heap Analyzer
- 11.1 Starting a Heap Analyzer Session
  - 11.1.1 Invoking the Heap Analyzer
  - 11.1.2 Viewing Heap Analyzer Windows
  - 11.1.3 Viewing Heap Analyzer Pull-Down Menus
  - 11.1.4 Viewing Heap Analyzer Context-Sensitive Menus
  - 11.1.5 Setting a Source Directory
  - 11.1.6 Starting Your Application
  - 11.1.7 Controlling the Speed of Display
- 11.2 Working with the Default Display
  - 11.2.1 Memory Map Display
  - 11.2.2 Options for Memory Map Display
  - 11.2.3 Options for Further Information
  - 11.2.4 Requesting Traceback Information
  - 11.2.5 Correlating Traceback Information with Source Code
- 11.3 Adjusting Type Determination and Display
  - 11.3.1 Options for Further Information
  - 11.3.2 Altering Type Determination
  - 11.3.3 Altering the Views-and-Types Display
    - 11.3.3.1 Selecting the Scope of Your Change
    - 11.3.3.2 Choosing a Display Option
- 11.4 Exiting the Heap Analyzer
- 11.5 Sample Session
  - 11.5.1 Isolating Display of Interactive Command
  - 11.5.2 Adjusting Type Determination
  - 11.5.3 Requesting Traceback Information
  - 11.5.4 Correlating Traceback with Source Code
  - 11.5.5 Locating an Allocation Error in Source Code
Chapter 12 Additional Convenience Features
- 12.1 Using Debugger Command Procedures
  - 12.1.1 Basic Conventions
  - 12.1.2 Passing Parameters to Command Procedures
- 12.2 Using a Debugger Initialization File
- 12.3 Logging a Debugging Session into a File
- 12.4 Defining Symbols for Commands, Address Expressions, and Values
  - 12.4.1 Defining Symbols for Commands
  - 12.4.2 Defining Symbols for Address Expressions
  - 12.4.3 Defining Symbols for Values
- 12.5 Assigning Commands to Function Keys
  - 12.5.1 Basic Conventions
  - 12.5.2 Advanced Techniques
- 12.6 Using Control Structures to Enter Commands
  - 12.6.1 FOR Command
  - 12.6.2 IF Command
  - 12.6.3 REPEAT Command
  - 12.6.4 WHILE Command
  - 12.6.5 EXITLOOP Command
- 12.7 Calling Routines Independently of Program Execution
Chapter 13 Debugging Special Cases
- 13.1 Debugging Optimized Code
  - 13.1.1 Eliminated Variables
  - 13.1.2 Changes in Coding Order
  - 13.1.3 Semantic Stepping (Alpha Only)
  - 13.1.4 Use of Registers
  - 13.1.5 Use of Condition Codes (VAX Only)
  - 13.1.6 Split-Lifetime Variables
- 13.2 Debugging Screen-Oriented Programs
  - 13.2.1 Setting the Protection to Allocate a Terminal
- 13.3 Debugging Multilanguage Programs
  - 13.3.1 Controlling the Current Debugger Language
  - 13.3.2 Specific Differences Among Languages
    - 13.3.2.1 Default Radix
    - 13.3.2.2 Evaluating Language Expressions
    - 13.3.2.3 Arrays and Records
    - 13.3.2.4 Case Sensitivity
    - 13.3.2.5 Initialization Code
    - 13.3.2.6 Predefined Breakpoints
    - 13.3.2.7 STEP/OVER Command and Fortran (VAX Only)
- 13.4 Recovering from Stack Corruption
- 13.5 Debugging Exceptions and Condition Handlers
  - 13.5.1 Setting Breakpoints or Tracepoints on Exceptions
  - 13.5.2 Resuming Execution at an Exception Breakpoint
  - 13.5.3 Effect of the Debugger on Condition Handling
    - 13.5.3.1 Primary Handler
    - 13.5.3.2 Secondary Handler
    - 13.5.3.3 Call-Frame Handlers (Application-Declared)
    - 13.5.3.4 Final and Last-Chance Handlers
  - 13.5.4 Exception-Related Built-In Symbols
- 13.6 Debugging Exit Handlers
- 13.7 Debugging AST-Driven Programs
  - 13.7.1 Disabling and Enabling the Delivery of ASTs
- 13.8 Debugging Translated Images (Alpha Only)
- 13.9 Debugging Programs that Perform Synchronization or Communication Functions
- 13.10 Debugging Inlined Routines
Chapter 14 Debugging Multiprocess Programs
- 14.1 Multiprocessing Models
- 14.2 Basic Multiprocess Debugging Techniques
  - 14.2.1 Starting a Multiprocess Debugging Session
  - 14.2.2 Visible Process and Process-Specific Commands
  - 14.2.3 Obtaining Information About Processes
  - 14.2.4 Bringing a Spawned Process Under Debugger Control
  - 14.2.5 Broadcasting Commands to Specified Processes
  - 14.2.6 Controlling Execution
    - 14.2.6.1 Controlling Execution with SET MODE NOINTERRUPT
    - 14.2.6.2 Putting Specified Processes on Hold
  - 14.2.7 Changing the Visible Process
  - 14.2.8 Dynamic Process Setting
  - 14.2.9 Monitoring the Termination of Images
  - 14.2.10 Releasing a Process From Debugger Control
  - 14.2.11 Terminating Specified Processes
  - 14.2.12 Interrupting Program Execution
  - 14.2.13 Ending the Debugging Session
- 14.3 Supplemental Information
  - 14.3.1 Debugging Configurations and Process Relationships
    - 14.3.1.1 Establishing a Default Debugging Configuration
    - 14.3.1.2 Establishing a Multiprocess Debugging Configuration
    - 14.3.1.3 Process Relationships When Debugging
  - 14.3.2 Specifying Processes in Debugger Commands
  - 14.3.3 Monitoring Process Activation and Termination
  - 14.3.4 Interrupting the Execution of an Image to Connect It to the Debugger
    - 14.3.4.1 Using the Ctrl/Y--DEBUG Sequence to Start the Debugger
    - 14.3.4.2 Using the CONNECT Command to Interrupt an Image
  - 14.3.5 Releasing a Specified Process for Continued Execution
  - 14.3.6 Screen Mode Features for Multiprocess Debugging
  - 14.3.7 Setting Watchpoints in Global Sections (Alpha Only)
  - 14.3.8 Using Multiprocess Commands with the Default Configuration
  - 14.3.9 System Requirements for Multiprocess Debugging
    - 14.3.9.1 User Quotas
    - 14.3.9.2 System Resources
Chapter 15 Debugging Vectorized Programs (VAX Only)
- 15.1 Obtaining Information About the Vector Processor
- 15.2 Controlling and Monitoring the Execution of Vector Instructions
- 15.3 Examining and Depositing into Vector Registers
- 15.4 Examining and Depositing Vector Instructions
  - 15.4.1 Examining Vector Instructions and Their Operands
  - 15.4.2 Depositing Vector Instructions
- 15.5 Using a Mask When Examining Vector Registers or Instructions
  - 15.5.1 Using VMR as the Default Mask
  - 15.5.2 Using a Slice of VMR as the Mask
  - 15.5.3 Using a Mask Other than VMR
- 15.6 Examining Composite Vector Address Expressions
- 15.7 Displaying the Results of Vector Floating-Point Exceptions
- 15.8 Controlling Scalar-Vector Synchronization
- 15.9 Calling Routines that Might Affect the Program's Vector State
- 15.10 Displaying Vector Register Data in Screen Mode
- 15.11 Problems and Restrictions
Chapter 16 Debugging Tasking Programs
- 16.1 Comparison of DECthreads and Ada Terminology
- 16.2 Sample Tasking Programs
  - 16.2.1 Sample C Multithread Program
  - 16.2.2 Sample Ada Tasking Program
- 16.3 Specifying Tasks in Debugger Commands
  - 16.3.1 Definition of Active Task and Visible Task
  - 16.3.2 Ada Tasking Syntax
  - 16.3.3 Task ID
  - 16.3.4 Task Built-In Symbols
    - 16.3.4.1 Caller Task Symbol (Ada Only)
- 16.4 Displaying Information About Tasks
  - 16.4.1 Displaying Information About DECthreads Tasks
  - 16.4.2 Displaying Task Information About Ada Tasks
- 16.5 Changing Task Characteristics
  - 16.5.1 Putting Tasks on Hold to Control Task Switching
  - 16.5.2 Debugging Programs That Use Time Slicing (VAX Ada Only)
- 16.6 Controlling and Monitoring Execution
- 16.7 Additional Task-Debugging Topics
  - 16.7.1 Debugging Programs with Deadlock Conditions
  - 16.7.2 Automatic Stack Checking in the Debugger
  - 16.7.3 Using Ctrl/Y When Debugging Ada Tasks
Part 5 Debugger Command Dictionary
- 1 Debugger Command Format
  - 1.1 General Format
  - 1.2 Entering Commands at the Keyboard
  - 1.3 Entering Commands in Command Procedures
- 2 Commands Disabled in the Debugger's DECwindows Motif Interface
- 3 Commands Recognized Only on Workstations Running VWS
- 4 Debugger Diagnostic Messages
- 5 Debugger Command Dictionary
- Command 1 @ (Execute Procedure)
- Command 2 ACTIVATE BREAK
- Command 3 ACTIVATE TRACE
- Command 4 ACTIVATE WATCH
- Command 5 ATTACH
- Command 6 CALL
- Command 7 CANCEL ALL
- Command 8 CANCEL BREAK
- Command 9 CANCEL DISPLAY
- Command 10 CANCEL IMAGE
- Command 11 CANCEL MODE
- Command 12 CANCEL MODULE
- Command 13 CANCEL RADIX
- Command 14 CANCEL SCOPE
- Command 15 CANCEL SOURCE
- Command 16 CANCEL TRACE
- Command 17 CANCEL TYPE/OVERRIDE
- Command 18 CANCEL WATCH
- Command 19 CANCEL WINDOW
- Command 20 CONNECT
- Command 21 Ctrl/C
- Command 22 Ctrl/W
- Command 23 Ctrl/Y
- Command 24 Ctrl/Z
- Command 25 DEACTIVATE BREAK
- Command 26 DEACTIVATE TRACE
- Command 27 DEACTIVATE WATCH
- Command 28 DECLARE
- Command 29 DEFINE
- Command 30 DEFINE/KEY
- Command 31 DEFINE/PROCESS_GROUP
- Command 32 DELETE
- Command 33 DELETE/KEY
- Command 34 DEPOSIT
- Command 35 DISABLE AST
- Command 36 DISCONNECT
- Command 37 DISPLAY
- Command 38 DO
- Command 39 DUMP
- Command 40 EDIT
- Command 41 ENABLE AST
- Command 42 EVALUATE
- Command 43 EVALUATE/ADDRESS
- Command 44 EXAMINE
- Command 45 EXIT
- Command 46 EXITLOOP
- Command 47 EXPAND
- Command 48 EXTRACT
- Command 49 FOR
- Command 50 GO
- Command 51 HELP
- Command 52 IF
- Command 53 MONITOR
- Command 54 MOVE
- Command 55 QUIT
- Command 56 REBOOT (Alpha only)
- Command 57 REPEAT
- Command 58 RERUN
- Command 59 RUN
- Command 60 SAVE
- Command 61 SCROLL
- Command 62 SEARCH
- Command 63 SELECT
- Command 64 SET ABORT_KEY
- Command 65 SET ATSIGN
- Command 66 SET BREAK
- Command 67 SET DEFINE
- Command 68 SET EDITOR
- Command 69 SET EVENT_FACILITY
- Command 70 SET IMAGE
- Command 71 SET KEY
- Command 72 SET LANGUAGE
- Command 73 SET LOG
- Command 74 SET MARGINS
- Command 75 SET MODE
- Command 76 SET MODULE
- Command 77 SET OUTPUT
- Command 78 SET PROCESS
- Command 79 SET PROMPT
- Command 80 SET RADIX
- Command 81 SET SCOPE
- Command 82 SET SEARCH
- Command 83 SET SOURCE
- Command 84 SET STEP
- Command 85 SET TASK
- Command 86 SET TERMINAL
- Command 87 SET TRACE
- Command 88 SET TYPE
- Command 89 SET VECTOR_MODE (VAX only)
- Command 90 SET WATCH
- Command 91 SET WINDOW
- Command 92 SHOW ABORT_KEY
- Command 93 SHOW AST
- Command 94 SHOW ATSIGN
- Command 95 SHOW BREAK
- Command 96 SHOW CALLS
- Command 97 SHOW DEFINE
- Command 98 SHOW DISPLAY
- Command 99 SHOW EDITOR
- Command 100 SHOW EVENT_FACILITY
- Command 101 SHOW EXIT_HANDLERS
- Command 102 SHOW IMAGE
- Command 103 SHOW KEY
- Command 104 SHOW LANGUAGE
- Command 105 SHOW LOG
- Command 106 SHOW MARGINS
- Command 107 SHOW MODE
- Command 108 SHOW MODULE
- Command 109 SHOW OUTPUT
- Command 110 SHOW PROCESS
- Command 111 SHOW RADIX
- Command 112 SHOW SCOPE
- Command 113 SHOW SEARCH
- Command 114 SHOW SELECT
- Command 115 SHOW SOURCE
- Command 116 SHOW STACK
- Command 117 SHOW STEP
- Command 118 SHOW SYMBOL
- Command 119 SHOW TASK
- Command 120 SHOW TERMINAL
- Command 121 SHOW TRACE
- Command 122 SHOW TYPE
- Command 123 SHOW VECTOR_MODE (VAX only)
- Command 124 SHOW WATCH
- Command 125 SHOW WINDOW
- Command 126 SPAWN
- Command 127 STEP
- Command 128 SYMBOLIZE
- Command 129 SYNCHRONIZE VECTOR_MODE (VAX only)
- Command 130 TYPE
- Command 131 WHILE
Appendix A Predefined Key Functions
- A.1 DEFAULT, GOLD, BLUE Functions
- A.2 Key Definitions Specific to LK201 Keyboards
- A.3 Keys that Scroll, Move, Expand, Contract Displays
- A.4 Online Keypad Key Diagrams
- A.5 Debugger Key Definitions
Appendix B Built-In Symbols and Logical Names
- B.1 SS$_DEBUG Condition
- B.2 Logical Names
- B.3 Built-In Symbols
Appendix C Summary of Debugger Support for Languages
- C.1 Overview
- C.2 Ada
  - C.2.1 Ada Names and Symbols
    - C.2.1.1 Ada Names
    - C.2.1.2 Predefined Attributes
      - C.2.1.2.1 Specifying Attributes with Enumeration Types
      - C.2.1.2.2 Resolving Overloaded Enumeration Literals
  - C.2.2 Operators and Expressions
    - C.2.2.1 Operators in Language Expressions
    - C.2.2.2 Language Expressions
  - C.2.3 Data Types
  - C.2.4 Compiling and Linking
  - C.2.5 Source Display
  - C.2.6 EDIT Command
  - C.2.7 GO and STEP Commands
  - C.2.8 Debugging Ada Library Packages
  - C.2.9 Predefined Breakpoints
  - C.2.10 Monitoring Exceptions
    - C.2.10.1 Monitoring Any Exception
    - C.2.10.2 Monitoring Specific Exceptions
    - C.2.10.3 Monitoring Handled Exceptions and Exception Handlers
  - C.2.11 Examining and Manipulating Data
    - C.2.11.1 Records
    - C.2.11.2 Access Types
  - C.2.12 Module Names and Path Names
  - C.2.13 Symbol Lookup Conventions
  - C.2.14 Setting Modules
    - C.2.14.1 Setting Modules for Package Bodies
  - C.2.15 Resolving Overloaded Names and Symbols
  - C.2.16 CALL Command
- C.3 BASIC
  - C.3.1 Operators in Language Expressions
  - C.3.2 Constructs in Language and Address Expressions
  - C.3.3 Data Types
  - C.3.4 Compiling for Debugging
  - C.3.5 Constants
  - C.3.6 Evaluating Expressions
  - C.3.7 Line Numbers
  - C.3.8 Stepping into Routines
  - C.3.9 Symbolic References
  - C.3.10 Watchpoints
- C.4 BLISS
  - C.4.1 Operators in Language Expressions
  - C.4.2 Constructs in Language and Address Expressions
  - C.4.3 Data Types
- C.5 CC
  - C.5.1 Operators in Language Expressions
  - C.5.2 Constructs in Language and Address Expressions
  - C.5.3 Data Types
  - C.5.4 Case Sensitivity
  - C.5.5 Static and Nonstatic Variables
  - C.5.6 Scalar Variables
  - C.5.7 Arrays
  - C.5.8 Character Strings
  - C.5.9 Structures and Unions
- C.6 C_PLUS_PLUS
  - C.6.1 The %name Lexical Function
  - C.6.2 Operators in Language Expressions
  - C.6.3 Constructs in Language and Address Expressions
  - C.6.4 Data Types
  - C.6.5 Case Sensitivity
  - C.6.6 Qualified Class Names
  - C.6.7 Using the Debugger with C++ Data
    - C.6.7.1 Nonstatic Data Members
      - C.6.7.1.1 Noninherited Data Members
      - C.6.7.1.2 Inherited Data Members
      - C.6.7.1.3 Inherited Virtual Data Members
    - C.6.7.2 Static Data Members
    - C.6.7.3 Reference Objects and Reference Members
    - C.6.7.4 Pointers to Members
    - C.6.7.5 Referencing Entities by Type
  - C.6.8 Using the Debugger with C++ Functions
    - C.6.8.1 Referring to Overloaded Functions
    - C.6.8.2 Referring to Static and Nonstatic Member Functions
    - C.6.8.3 Referring to Constructors
    - C.6.8.4 Referring to Destructors
    - C.6.8.5 Referring to Conversions
    - C.6.8.6 Referring to User-Defined Operators
    - C.6.8.7 Referring to Function Arguments
- C.7 COBOL
  - C.7.1 Operators in Language Expressions
  - C.7.2 Constructs in Language and Address Expressions
  - C.7.3 Data Types
  - C.7.4 Source Display
  - C.7.5 COBOL INITIALIZE Statement and Large Tables (Arrays) (Alpha Only)
- C.8 DIBOL (VAX Only)
  - C.8.1 Operators in Language Expressions
  - C.8.2 Constructs in Language and Address Expressions
  - C.8.3 Data Types
- C.9 Fortran
  - C.9.1 Operators in Language Expressions
  - C.9.2 Constructs in Language and Address Expressions
  - C.9.3 Predefined Symbols
  - C.9.4 Data Types
  - C.9.5 Initialization Code
- C.10 MACRO--32
  - C.10.1 Operators in Language Expressions
  - C.10.2 Constructs in Language and Address Expressions
  - C.10.3 Data Types
  - C.10.4 MACRO--32 Compiler (AMACRO) (Alpha Only)
    - C.10.4.1 Code Relocation
    - C.10.4.2 Symbolic Variables
    - C.10.4.3 Locating Arguments Without $ARGn Symbols
    - C.10.4.4 Arguments That Are Easy to Locate
    - C.10.4.5 Arguments That Are Not Easy to Locate
    - C.10.4.6 Debugging Code with Floating-Point Data
    - C.10.4.7 Debugging Code with Packed Decimal Data
- C.11 MACRO--64 (Alpha Only)
  - C.11.1 Operators in Language Expressions
  - C.11.2 Constructs in Language and Address Expressions
  - C.11.3 Data Types
- C.12 Pascal
  - C.12.1 Operators in Language Expressions
  - C.12.2 Constructs in Language and Address Expressions
  - C.12.3 Predefined Symbols
  - C.12.4 Built-In Functions
  - C.12.5 Data Types
  - C.12.6 Additional Information
  - C.12.7 Restrictions
- C.13 PL/I
  - C.13.1 Operators in Language Expressions
  - C.13.2 Constructs in Language and Address Expressions
  - C.13.3 Data Types
  - C.13.4 Static and Nonstatic Variables
  - C.13.5 Examining and Manipulating Data
    - C.13.5.1 EXAMINE Command Examples
    - C.13.5.2 Notes on Debugger Support
- C.14 RPG II (VAX Only)
  - C.14.1 Operators in Language Expressions
  - C.14.2 Constructs in Language and Address Expressions
  - C.14.3 Data Types
  - C.14.4 Setting Breakpoints or Tracepoints
    - C.14.4.1 Specifications
    - C.14.4.2 Labels
  - C.14.5 EXAMINE Command
  - C.14.6 DEPOSIT Command
  - C.14.7 EDIT Command
- C.15 SCAN (VAX Only)
  - C.15.1 Operators in Language Expressions
  - C.15.2 Constructs in Language and Address Expressions
  - C.15.3 Predefined Symbols
  - C.15.4 Data Types
  - C.15.5 Names
  - C.15.6 Controlling Execution
    - C.15.6.1 Breakpoints and Tracepoints
    - C.15.6.2 Watchpoints
  - C.15.7 Examining and Depositing
    - C.15.7.1 STRING Variables
    - C.15.7.2 FILL Variables
    - C.15.7.3 POINTER Variables
    - C.15.7.4 TREE and TREEPTR Variables
    - C.15.7.5 RECORD and OVERLAY Variables
- C.16 Language UNKNOWN
  - C.16.1 Operators in Language Expressions
  - C.16.2 Constructs in Language and Address Expressions
  - C.16.3 Predefined Symbols
  - C.16.4 Data Types
Appendix D EIGHTQUEENS.C
- D.1 EIGHTQUEENS.C
- D.2 8QUEENS.C
Index
Examples
- 1-1 Compiling a Program with the /DEBUG Qualifier
- 1-2 Linking a Program with the /DEBUG Qualifier
- 1-3 Linking a Program with the /OPTIONS_FILE Qualifier (VAX Only)
- 2-1 Sample Program SQUARES
- 2-2 Sample Debugging Session Using Program SQUARES
- 9-1 Command Procedure SEPARATE_WINDOW.COM
- 10-1 System Default Debugger Resource File (DECW$SYSTEM_DEFAULTS:VMSDEBUG.DAT)
- 16-1 Sample C Multithread Program
- 16-2 Sample Ada Tasking Program
- 16-3 Sample SHOW TASK/ALL Display for DECthreads Tasks
- 16-4 Sample SHOW TASK/FULL Display for a DECthreads Task
- 16-5 Sample SHOW TASK/STAT/FULL Display for DECthreads Tasks
- 16-6 Sample SHOW TASK/ALL Display for Ada Tasks
- 16-7 Sample SHOW TASK/FULL Display for an Ada Task
- 16-8 Sample SHOW TASK/STATISTICS/FULL Display for Ada Tasks (VAX Example)
- D-1 Single-Module Program EIGHTQUEENS.C
- D-2 Main Module 8QUEENS.C
- D-3 Submodule 8QUEENS_SUB.C
Figures
- 2-1 Keypad Key Functions Predefined by the Debugger---Command Interface
- 2-2 Default Screen Mode Display Configuration
- 7-1 Default Screen Mode Display Configuration
- 7-2 Screen Mode Source Display When Source Code Is Not Available
- 7-3 Screen Mode Instruction Display (VAX Example)
- 7-4 Screen Mode Register Display
- 8-1 Default Window Configuration
- 8-2 Menus on Main Window
- 8-3 Default Buttons in the Push Button View
- 8-4 Debugger Main Window
- 8-5 Breakpoint, Monitor, and Register Views
- 8-6 Instruction View
- 8-7 Tasking View
- 8-8 Menus on Optional Views Window
- 8-9 Entering Commands at the Prompt
- 9-1 Debugger at Startup
- 9-2 Running a Program by Specifying an Image
- 9-3 Running a Program by Specifying a Command Symbol
- 9-4 Source Display at Startup
- 9-5 Rerunning the Same Program
- 10-1 Source Display
- 10-2 Displaying Source Code of Another Routine
- 10-3 Editor Window
- 10-4 Setting a Breakpoint on a Source Line
- 10-5 Setting a Breakpoint on a Routine
- 10-6 Setting a Conditional Breakpoint
- 10-7 Setting an Action Breakpoint
- 10-8 Displaying the Value of an Integer Variable
- 10-9 Displaying the Value of an Array Aggregate
- 10-10 Displaying the Value of an Array Element
- 10-11 Typecasting the Value of a Variable
- 10-12 Changing the Value of a Variable
- 10-13 Monitoring a Variable
- 10-14 Expanded Aggregate Variable (Array) in Monitor View
- 10-15 Pointer Variable and Referenced Object in Monitor View
- 10-16 Watched Variable in Monitor View
- 10-17 Changing the Value of a Monitored Scalar Variable
- 10-18 Changing the Value of a Component of an Aggregate Variable
- 10-19 Current Scope Set to a Calling Routine
- 10-20 Register View
- 10-21 Instruction View
- 10-22 Tasking View
- 10-23 Changing the STEP-Button Label to an Icon
- 10-24 Adding a Button for the EXAMINE/ASCIZ Command
- 11-1 Heap Analyzer Windows
- 11-2 Heap Analyzer Pull-Down Menus
- 11-3 Heap Analyzer Context-Sensitive Pop-Up Menus
- 11-4 Heap Analyzer Control Panel
- 11-5 Heap Analyzer Display Menu
- 11-6 Heap Analyzer Memory Map Context-Sensitive Pop-Up Menu
- 11-7 Heap Analyzer Information and Source Windows
- 11-8 Heap Analyzer Type Histogram
- 11-9 Heap Analyzer Do-Not-Use Type List
- 11-10 Heap Analyzer Views-and-Types Hierarchy
- 11-11 Heap Analyzer Views-and-Types Display Options
- 11-12 Incrementing Memory Allocation Indicates a Memory Leak
- 11-13 Do Not Use Type Menu Item Redefines Segment Type
- 11-14 Click on Traceback Entry Shows Associated Source Code
- 11-15 Review of Source Code Shows Double Allocation
- 15-1 Masked Loading of Array Elements from Memory into a Vector Register
- 16-1 Diagram of a Task Stack
- A-1 Keypad Key Functions Predefined by the Debugger---Command Interface
Tables
- 1-1 Controlling Debugger Activation with the LINK and RUN Commands
- 4-1 Debugger Symbols for VAX Registers
- 4-2 Debugger Symbols for Alpha Registers
- 4-3 SET TYPE Keywords
- 5-1 Compiler Options for DST Symbol Information
- 5-2 Effect of Compiler and Linker on DST and GST Symbol Information
- 7-1 Predefined Displays
- 7-2 Predefined Windows
- 8-1 Menus on Main Window
- 8-2 Default Buttons in the Push Button View
- 8-3 Optional Views
- 8-4 Menus on Optional Views Window
- 8-5 Keypad Definitions in the DECwindows Motif Debugger Interface
- 8-6 Debugger Commands not Available in the DECwindows Motif Interface
- 14-1 Debugging States
- 14-2 Process Specifications
- 16-1 Comparison of DECthreads and Ada Terminology
- 16-2 Task Built-In Symbols
- 16-3 Generic Task States
- 16-4 DECthreads Task Substates
- 16-5 Ada Task Substates
- 16-6 Generic Low-Level Task Scheduling Events
- 16-7 DECthreads-Specific Events
- 16-8 Ada-Specific Events
- 16-9 Ada Tasking Deadlock Conditions and Debugger Commands for Diagnosing Them
- CD-1 Restrictions on Process Creation, by Debugger Version Number
- CD-2 Debugging States
- A-1 Key Definitions Specific to LK201 Keyboards
- A-2 Keys that Change the Key State
- A-3 Keys that Invoke Online Help to Display Keypad Diagrams
- A-4 Debugger Key Definitions
- B-1 Debugger Symbols for VAX Registers (VAX Only)
- B-2 Debugger Symbols for Alpha Registers (Alpha Only)

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