

   
   







                                        RUNOFF

                               Revision Date: Nov 1980
                                Program Version: M02.2

                                  Document Revision
                                       Feb 1981





           NOTICE:  This document describes a  program  which  the  Digital
           Equipment  Corporation has no committment to offer or support at
           this time.   This  document  is,  however,  believed  to  be  an
           accurate description of RUNOFF.

           This version of RUNOFF is supported by a  working  group  within
           the  Text  Processing Special Interest Group.  If you experience
           any difficulties, send a description of  the  problem,  together
           with  the  .RNO  input  file and the .DOC output file, to:  Text
           Processing Special Interest Group,  c/o  DECUS,  One  Iron  Way,
           MR2-3/E55,  Marlboro,  MA 01752.  Present plans call for support
           of RUNOFF in source form only.  It is recommended that you  keep
           a  reference copy of the distributed sources so that corrections
           and modifications may be distributed with SLP command files.


   
   









                                      CHAPTER 1

                                     INTRODUCTION




           RUNOFF (RNO) is a PDP-11 program to facilitate  the  preparation
           of  typed  or  printed manuscripts, such as memos, manuals, etc.
           The user prepares his material on any regular  PDP-11  terminal,
           and writes it onto a file using an appropriate editor.  The user
           includes not only textual material, but also case and formatting
           information.   RUNOFF then takes the file and reproduces it onto
           the line printer, terminal or other file to produce a final copy
           or  final  file  image.   It  performs  the  formatting and case
           shifting as directed, and will also perform line  justification,
           page numbering and titling, etc., as desired.

           The principal benefit of such a program is that  files  prepared
           for  use  with  it may be easily edited and corrected.  Small or
           large amounts of material may be added or deleted, and unchanged
           material  need  not  be  retyped.   After  a set of changes, the
           program may be operated to produce a new copy which is  properly
           paged  and  formatted.   Documentation  may  thus  be updated as
           necessary without requiring extensive retyping.


   
   









                                      CHAPTER 2

                             RSX/IAS OPERATING PROCEDURES






           2.1  Initiating Runoff

           RUNOFF can be initiated in several ways.   The  general  formats
           for RSX-11 users are:

                                   MCR>RNO <CR>
                                   MCR>RNO Filespec




           2.2  Rno Command String

           System programs usually require a command string to specify such
           things  as  input files and various options.  A standard command
           string has one of the following forms:

                           output-file=input-file

                                   or

                           @command-file

           Both output-file and input-file are strings  comprising  a  file
           specification.

           The second form of command string  (@command-file)  is  used  to
           specify  an  indirect command file.  In this case each record of
           the file is  used  as  a  command  string  before  any  commands
           following the indirect command are accepted.

           The command string syntax is described more  completely  in  the
           User's Guide for the relevant operating system.


           RSX/IAS OPERATING PROCEDURES                            Page 2-2
   


           2.2.1  File Specifications

           An RSX-11 file specification has the following form:

                           Dev:[UIC]Filename.Typ;Ver

           In this specification Dev must be  a  legal  device  code.   The
           default value is SY:, the system disk.  UIC must be a valid User
           Identification  Code.   Filename  is  any  1-   to   9-character
           alphanumeric string which specifies a file name.  Typ is a 1- to
           3-character alphanumeric file type.  System programs default  to
           an  appropriate  standard type so the typical user will not have
           to explicitly specify it.  Finally, Ver is a number which is the
           version  number  of  the  file.  This field also normally can be
           omitted since it defaults  on  input  to  the  highest  existing
           version  number  for  the  file  and  on  output  to the highest
           existing version number plus one.

           Default  file  specifications  (any  part  of   which   may   be
           overridden):

                           Input:   SY:RUNOFF.RNO

                           Output:  SY:RUNOFF.DOC

                     RNO File   means   RNO TI:=File
                     RNO =file  means   RNO File=file


                                Editing RUNOFF Output

                RUNOFF output files may not be  edited  normally  with
                the  standard  RSX/IAS  file  editors.  To edit RUNOFF
                output, the output file must  first  be  processed  by
                TECO with a command of the format:

                        *ERFilespec$EWFilespec/-CR$EX$$
                or just TEC Filespec  followed by EX$$





           2.2.2  RNO  Switches

           A file specification may have one or  more  switches  associated
           with  it.  A switch is an indicator, consisting of a slash and a
           two-character ASCII name, used to select program options.


           RSX/IAS OPERATING PROCEDURES                            Page 2-3
   


|          Several switches  control  the  RNO  program.   These  switches,
           described  below, may be specified on either the input or output
           file specification.  the defaults  may  be  set  by  the  system
           manager at Task Build time.

                   /SP     -- Spool the output file
                   /-SP    -- Inhibit spooling of output file

                   /UC     -- Force ALL uppercase output
                   /-UC     -- Allow normal case conversion

                   /FF     -- Force Form-feeds (instead of multi-LFS)
                   /-FF:n  -- Simulate Form-feeds with Line-feeds
                                       n is paper length, default set by
                                           your system manager.

                   /WA     -- Wait for CR input at beginning of each page
                   /-WA    -- Continue printing each page with no wait

                   /PA:L:H -- Output only indicated page range
                                        L=lowest page number printed
                                        H=highest page number printed
                                        The default setting is to print
                                           all pages.

                   /PS:m:n - Set Page Size to m,n
                                       (See PAGE SIZE command.)

                   /HY     -- Hyphenate output
                   /-HY    -- Do not hyphenate output

|                  /RI:n   -- Right shift output. 
|                                              n=amount of shift
|                   
|                  /LM:N   -- Set left margin
|                   

                   /UL:B   -- Underline with a spacing-backspace

                   /UL:L   -- Underline via line overprint with underline
                                        character

                   /UL:S   -- Simulate underline with hyphen character on
                                        next line

                   /UL:N   -- Underlining suppressed.


|          --------------------------
|          Default values are set by the  system  manager  when  RUNOFF  is
|          Task-built as:
|               /-SP/-UC/FF:66/-WA/-HY/UL:L
|                 .PAGE SIZE 60,75
|                 .LEFT MARGIN 4


   
   









                                      CHAPTER 3

                                  SOURCE FILE FORMAT




           The source file contains the textual material which will  appear
           on the final copy, plus information to specify formatting.  Most
           importantly, upper  and  lower  case  information  also  may  be
           supplied  so  that copy can be prepared on the terminal or other
           such device which  can  input  only  upper  case  letters.   All
           command   information   consists   of   regular  ASCII  printing
           characters so that a listing of the source file may be  examined
           if the final copy is not exactly as desired.

|          All material in the source file  is  taken  to  be  source  text
|          except  those  lines  beginning with a period.  A line beginning
|          with zero or more space/tabs followed by a period is assumed  to
           be  a  command, and must match one of those listed in Chapter 4.
           The commands provide the  formatting  information,  and  control
           various optional modes of operation.

           Usually the text is filled and justified  as  it  is  processed.
           That  is,  the  program  FILLS a line by adding successive words
           from the source text until one more word would cause  the  right
           margin to be exceeded.  The line is then JUSTIFIED by making the
           word spacings larger until the last word  in  the  line  exactly
           meets the right margin.

           The user may occasionally wish  to  reproduce  the  source  text
           exactly, which is done by disabling filling and justification or
           by use of the LITERAL command.  The program may be set  to  fill
           but  not justify, in which case the output will be normal except
           that lines will not be  justified  to  the  right  margin.   The
           program  may  also be set to justify but not fill, although this
           would probably produce peculiar results and is not recommended.

           When the fill mode is on, spaces, and carriage returns occurring
           in  the  source  text  are  treated  only  as  word  separators.
           Multiple separators are ignored.

           Some of the commands cause a BREAK in the output.  A break means
           that  the  current line is output without justification, and the
           next word goes at the beginning of the next line.   This  occurs
           at the end of paragraphs.

           The program will advance to new pages as necessary, placing  the


           SOURCE FILE FORMAT                                      Page 3-2
   


           title  (if  given)  and the page number at the top of each page.
           The user may call explicitly for a page advance  where  desired,
           and  may  inhibit  the  occurrence  of  a  page  advance  within
           specified material.



           3.1  Case Information

           Specification of case for files prepared on the terminal is done
           with  two  characters, circumflex (^, 136 octal), and back-slash
           (\, 134 octal).  The  appearance  of  a  circumflex  causes  the
           letter  immediately  following  to be transmitted in upper case.
           The appearance of a back-slash  causes  the  letter  immediately
           following  to  be  converted  to  lower  case.   Any  letter not
           preceeded by one of  these  characters  is  transmitted  in  the
           current  mode.  The mode is initially upper case, and is changed
           by the occurrance of two  successive  case  control  characters.
           Two  circumflexes  (^^)  cause the mode to be set to upper case,
           and two back-slashes (\\) cause the mode  to  be  set  to  lower
           case.

           The use of the above corresponds to the use  of  the  shift  and
           shift-lock  keys  on  a  typewriter.  Usually, typing appears in
           lower case.  To type one letter in upper case, the shift key  is
           used.   The  shift-lock  is  set  to type a series of upper case
           letters, after which it is released.

           The following shows the uses of the case control characters:

           HERE IS A SAMPLE SENTENCE IN ^^UPPER CASE\\ AND LOWER CASE.  

           becomes:

           Here is a Sample Sentence in UPPER CASE and lower case.



                                         NOTE

                Case conversion takes place only on ASCII codes 101 to
                132  octal,  that  is,  the  upper  case letters.  Any
                actual lower case letters (codes  141  to  172  octal)
                appearing in the source will be transmitted unchanged.
                If the source is  prepared  on  a  device  such  as  a
                DECwriter  or  model 37 Teletype which produce letters
                of the proper case, the mode should be  set  to  upper
                case  at  the beginning of the file and left unchanged
                for the remainder.


           An additional character, less-than (<, 074  octal),  capitalizes
           the  entire  word  it precedes.  It then returns the file to the
           current case.  This character is not engaged unless preceded  by
           the  FLAGS  CAPITALIZE  command.  Similarly, the FLAGS HYPHENATE


           SOURCE FILE FORMAT                                      Page 3-3
   


           command engages the special character  equals  (=,  075  octal),
           which  causes  hyphenization  to  be  suspended  for the word it
           precedes.



           3.2  Special Characters

           &  Ampersand     Underscoring

                The character ampersand (&, 046 octal) is used  to  specify
                underscoring.   The  ampersand  will  cause  the  character
                following it to be underscored, e.g. &f&o&o becomes foo.
                                                                    ___

                Underlining of a string of characters can also be specified
                in  a  manner  similar to that of the shift lock operations
                described above.  An appearance of  ampersand  preceded  by
                circumflex  (^&)  will  cause  underlining of all following
                characters  except  space.   An  appearance  of   ampersand
                preceded by backslash (\&) will disable this mode.

           #  Number Sign   Explicit space

                It is occasionally necessary to include spaces in the  text
                which  should  not be treated as word separators.  For this
                purpose, RUNOFF treats the number-sign  character  (#,  043
                octal)  as  a quoted space;  i.e.  it will print as exactly
                one space in the output, will never be expanded nor changed
                to a carriage return.

           _  Underline     Quote next character

                To  allow  the  appearance  of   the   special   characters
                (ampersand,  number-sign, circumflex, or back-slash) in the
                output, the underscore character (_, 137 octal) is used  as
                a  quote character.  The character immediately following an
                underscore will  be  transmitted  to  the  output  with  no
                formatting  effect.   The underscore itself is thus another
                case requiring quoting.  The following  five  cases  occur:
                _&, _^, _\, __, and _#.

           ^  Circumflex    Upper-case shift or mode lock

                As described above, the circumflex character (^) is used to
                convert  the  letter  following  to upper-case.  It is also
                used to lock the case mode in upper case, and the underline
                mode  to  "underline  all text".  If it is to appear in the
                printed text, it must be preceded by  the  quote  character
                (_^).

           \   Backslash    Lower-case shift or mode unlock

                As described above, the backslash character (\) is used  to
                output the letter following in lower-case.  It is also used
                to lock  the  case  mode  in  lower-case,  and  to  disable


           SOURCE FILE FORMAT                                      Page 3-4
   


                underlining.   If  it  is to appear in the printed text, it
                must be preceded by the quote character (_\).

           <  Less-than     Capitalize next word

                If  FLAGS  CAPITALIZE  has  been  engaged,  the   less-than
                character (<) is a special character used to capitalize the
                entire word it precedes.  If it is to appear in the printed
                text, it must be preceded by the quote character (_<).

           =  Equals-sign   Hypenation disable

                If FLAGS HYPHENATE has been engaged, the  equals  character
                (=)  used  to disable hyphenation for the word it preceeds.
                If it is to appear in the printed text, it must be preceded
|               by the quote character (_=).



                3.3  Table of Contents

|               After the entire text file has been processed, a  Table  of
|               Contents  will  be  generated.  The text of all CHAPTER and
|               HEADER LEVEL commands will appear, along with  the  section
|               number and page number.  



                3.4  Word Emphasis

|               Words  may be  emphasized by either  underlining them or by
                                                     ___________
|               overprinting  the  characters.   It   is   an   unfortunate
                overprinting
                overprinting
                overprinting
|               restriction  that  you cannot have both underlined and dark
|               words on the same line in the output.  



                3.5  Margins and Page Size

|               put some stuff here.  


   
   









                                      CHAPTER 4

                                   RUNOFF COMMANDS




|          The following commands will be recognized if  they  are  at  the
|          beginning  of a line started with a period (optionally preceeded
|          by any number of space/tabs).   Any  line  in  the  source  file
           beginning  with a period is assumed to be one of these commands.
           If it is not, an error diagnostic will be  typed  and  the  line
           will be ignored.  Some commands take one or more decimal numeric
           arguments.  These are separated from the  command  by  a  space.
           More  than  one  command  may  be  entered  on  a single line by
           separating the commands with a semicolon (;) or a period (.).

           Multi-word commands may appear in any form.  Thus,   .NO  HEADER
           and .NOHEADER are both legal.

           Many commands may be abbreviated.   Standard  abbreviations  are
|          given below each command.

|          Some of the commands have the format:
|                      .command ;  text
|          If the semicolon is omitted, the "text" for the  command  is  on
|          the next source line.  



           4.1  Text Formatting


             .BREAK
             .BR

                causes a break, i.e. the current line will be  output  with
                no justification, and the next word of the source text will
                be placed at the beginning of the next line.



           RUNOFF COMMANDS                                         Page 4-2
   


             .SKIP n
             .SK n
             .S n

                causes a BREAK after which n is multiplied by the number of
                spaces  between  lines.   The result is the number of lines
                skipped.  Output is advanced to the top of the next page if
|               there  is  no room on the current page.  If the nothing has
|               been put on the current page, this  command  does  nothing.
|               To  leave  blank  lines at the top of a page, put a literal
|               space (# character) on the page, or use .FIGURE.  The n can
|               also  have a negative value.  Thus, a final footnote can be
|               set by a command such as .SKIP -5.

             .BLANK n
             .B n

                causes the current line to be output with no justification,
                skips  n line spaces, and then starts output of the current
                source text.  BLANK is like SKIP, except that the space  to
|               be left is independent of line spacing.  If the nothing has
|               been put on the current page, this  command  does  nothing.
|               To  leave  blank  lines at the top of a page, put a literal
|               space (# character) on the page, or use .FIGURE.  n can  be
|               negative to move the line n lines from the end of the page.

             .FIGURE n
             .FG n

                leaves n lines blank to make room for a figure or  diagram.
                If  fewer  than  n  lines  remain on the current page, text
                continues to fill this page, then the page is advanced  and
                n blank lines are left at the top of the next page.

             .INDENT n
             .I n

                causes a BREAK and sets the next line to begin n spaces  to
                the  right  of  the  left margin.  The n can be negative to
                allow beginning a line to the  left  of  the  left  margin.
                However, a line cannot begin to the left of column 0.  If n
                is not supplied, the current paragraph indent is used.

             .PARAGRAPH n, v, t
             .P n, v, t

                causes a BREAK and formats the output paragraphs.  The n is
|               optional  and,  if  present,  sets  the  number  of  spaces
|               paragraph indenting.  The default value for n is 5  (n  can
                also  have  a  negative  value).  v is the vertical spacing
                between paragraphs.  v can range from 0 to 5.  (1 is single
|               spacing, 2 is double spacing, etc.) t specifies a value for
|               an automatic TEST PAGE (see the TEST PAGE command).



           RUNOFF COMMANDS                                         Page 4-3
   


             .CENTER n;text
             .CENTRE N;text
             .C n;text

                causes a BREAK and centers the following text in the source
                file.   The  centering  is over column (n + left margin)/2.
                If n is not given, it is assumed to be the right margin.


                                           NOTE

                     CENTER, RIGHT MARGIN, LEFT MARGIN, PAGE SIZE, And
                     STANDARD  take both relative and absolute values.
                     Relative values are expressed as +n or -n,  while
                     absolute values of n are unsigned.



             .FOOTNOTE n
             .FN n

                saves n lines at the bottom  of  the  current  page  for  a
                footnote.   The n is multiplied by the number of spaces set
                with the SPACING command.  If insufficient room remains  on
                the  current  page, space is allocated at the bottom of the
                following page.  The text of the footnote should  begin  on
                the line following the FOOTNOTE command.  Indentation, case
|               lock,  justify,  margins,  spacing,  bar,  and   fill   are
                preserved  around footnotes.  However, commands that affect
                page formatting are illegal in a footnote.  Tab  stops  are
                illegal  because they are not preserved.  A footnote within
                a footnote is also illegal.

                The actual space taken by a footnote can be  more  or  less
                than specified by n.  If necessary adjust n after examining
                a draft printout.

                The footnote is terminated with a line  beginning  with  an
                exclamation point (the remainder of which is ignored).

             .NOTE text
             .NT text

                starts an indented note.  This command  BLANKS  2,  reduces
                both  margins,  centers  the  text (if no text is given, it
                centers the word "NOTE"), and then BLANKS 1.  At this point
                you  enter  the text of the note.  If the left margin is at
                0, the margin reduction is 15, otherwise it is 5.

             .END NOTE
             .EN

                terminates the NOTE command,  BLANKS  2,  and  reverts  the
                margins and spacing modes to their settings before the last
                NOTE command.


           RUNOFF COMMANDS                                         Page 4-4
   


             .LIST N
             .LS n

                starts an indented list with  n  spacing,  moves  the  left
                margin  9  spaces  to the right for the first LIST command,
                and 4 more spaces for each  subsequent  nested  LIST.   The
                normal FILL and JUSTIFY modes remain in effect.  Therefore,
                you must disengage them just after the LS  command  if  you
|               want a ragged right.

|               The number of blank lines between the list elements is 'n'.
|               The  default  value is 1.  The allowable range is 0-5.  The
|               initial value for the list element "TEST PAGE" is the  list
|               spacing + 3.

|               Lists may be nested up to 5 deep.  

|            .LIST ELEMENT n;text
|            .LE n;text

                starts an item in the list, used in  conjunction  with  the
                LIST  comand.   The  elements are numbered sequentially and
                the number is given a negative  indent  so  that  the  list
                lines  up.   The  number  is  followed  by a period and two
                spaces so that the indent will be by -4.   The  optional  n
                sets  the  "test  page" value for this and all further list
                elements (at the same list level).  

             .END LIST
             .ELS

                terminates the LIST command and returns to settings  before
                the last LIST command.

             .COMMENT text
             .; text

                causes the line to be ignored.  The text is not printed  in
                the  output  file,  but rather is used as a comment line in
                the source text.



           4.2  Page Formatting


             .PAGE
             .PG

                causes a BREAK and an  advance  to  a  new  page.   If  the
                current  page  is  empty, this command does not advance the
                page.  Just like an automatic page  advance,  this  command
                prints the title (if given) and page numbers on every page.



           RUNOFF COMMANDS                                         Page 4-5
   


             .TEST PAGE n
             .TP n

                causes a BREAK followed by a conditional page advance.   It
                skips  to  the  next page if fewer than n lines are left on
                the page.  This capability is to ensure that the  following
                n  lines are all output on the same page.  This command has
                the form  t  as  an  optional  argument  to  the  PARAGRAPH
                command.

             .NUMBER n
             .NM n

                starts page numbering.  This is the default so there is  no
                reason  to  issue  this  command  unless  page numbering is
                disengaged.  If resumption of page numbering is desired  at
                a certain page, specify n.

             .NONUMBER
             .NNM

                disengages page numbering.  However, pages continue  to  be
                counted,  so that the normal page number can appear if page
                numbering is re-entered with the NUMBER command.

             .CHAPTER Text
             .CH text

                starts a new chapter using the text as  the  title  of  the
                chapter.   This  command  acts  as if the following command
                string were entered:

                       .BREAK;.PAGE;.BLANK 12;.CENTER;CHAPTER n

                The n is incremented by 1 automatically.  After the CHAPTER
                n is typed on the page,

                       .BLANK 2;.CENTER;Text;.BLANK 3

                occurs.   This  command  then  resets  the  case,  margins,
                spacing,  and  justify/fill  modes.   It  also  clears  any
                subtitles and sets the chapter name as the title.

             .NUMBER CHAPTER n

                supplies a number (n) to be used in  a  subsequent  CHAPTER
                command.   NUMBER CHAPTER would be used when a chapter of a
                document occupies a source file of  its  own.   In  such  a
                case,  NUMBER  CHAPTER  would  be  the first command of the
                source file.



           RUNOFF COMMANDS                                         Page 4-6
   


             .HEADER LEVEL N text
             .HL n text

                starts a section at  the  level  specified  and  takes  the
                following  text  as  the  header.  n can range from 1 to 5.
                The sections are incremented by 1  automatically,  and  the
                number  is  output  in  the  form  i.j.k.l.m.  If this is a
                chapter oriented document, the i  is  the  chapter  number.
                Otherwise,  it  is  the  number  of  the .HL 1 level.  This
                command acts as a

                       .BREAK;.TEST PAGE 9;.BLANK 3

                followed by the section number, two spaces, and the section
                name.   HEADER  LEVELS  1  and  2 end with a BREAK.  HEADER
                LEVELS 3,4, and 5 end with a  space-dash-space  combination
                (#-#).

             .TITLE text
             .T text

                takes the remaining text as the title  and  outputs  it  on
                every page at line 0.  The default is no title.  If a title
                is desired, this command must  be  entered  in  the  source
                file.

             .FIRST TITLE text
             .FT text

                Same as TITLE, but used to specify the title to be  printed
                on  the  first  page  of  the  document.  This command must
                precede all text in the source  file.   Use  of  the  FIRST
                TITLE  command is the only way to print a title line on the
                first page of the document.

             .SUBTITLE text
             .SUBTTL text
             .ST text

                takes the remaining text as the subtitle and outputs it  on
                every  page.   It  appears  directly  under the title.  The
                subtitle is not indented, but indentation can  be  achieved
                by typing leading spaces.

             .INDEX text
             .X text

                takes the remaining text on the line as a keyword and  adds
                it,  along  with  the  current page number, to the internal
                index buffer.  The command does  not  cause  a  break.   It
                should appear immediately before the item to be indexed.  A
                keyword may be indexed more than once.



           RUNOFF COMMANDS                                         Page 4-7
   


             .DO INDEX text
             .DX text

                forces a new page, centers the text, if given, otherwise it
                centers  the  word "INDEX".  This command prints the entire
                contents of the  index  buffer.   Entries  are  printed  in
                alphabetic  order  and  are  set  against  the left margin.
                Regular line spacing is used, except that a blank  line  is
                left  between entries of different first letters.  The page
|               number of each entry is placed on  the  same  line  as  the
|               entry.    Additional  page  numbers  for  multiple  entries
|               follow, separated by commas.

|               It is not necessary to include this command, as it will  be
|               forced  if  there  is  anything  in  the index buffer, when
|               end-of-file is encountered on the input file.  

             .PRINT INDEX
             .PX

                forces a new page after which it prints the entire contents
                of  the  index buffer.  Entries are printed in alphabetical
                order and are set against the left  margin.   Regular  line
                spacing  is  used, except that a blank line is left between
                entries of different first  letters.   The  number  of  the
|               first  page on which each entry appeared is put on the same
|               line as the entry.  Additional page  numbers  for  multiple
                entries follow, separated by commas.

                  .PRINT INDEX and .DO INDEX perform the  same  task.   The
                only difference is that .PRINT INDEX does not interrupt the
                normal chapter and page sequencing.

             .SUBPAGE

                executes a PAGE with page numbering  suspended.   The  page
                number  is  unchanged, but letters are appended to the page
                number.  This permits insertion of additional pages  within
                an  existing  document  without  changing the existing page
                numbering.

             .END SUBPAGE

                disengages the SUBPAGE command by executing a PAGE  command
                with page numbering resumed.

             .APPENDIX text
             .AX text

                starts a new appendix using the text as the  title  of  the
                appendix.   This  command  acts as if the following command
                string were entered:

                          .BREAK;.PAGE;.BLANK 12;.CENTER;APPENDIX A



           RUNOFF COMMANDS                                         Page 4-8
   


                The a  is  a  letter  that  is  incremented  alphabetically
                automatically.  After the APPENDIX A is typed on the page,

                          .BLANK 2;.CENTER;Text;.BLANK 3

                occurs.   This  command  then  resets  the  case,  margins,
                spacing,  and  justify/fill  modes.   It  also  clears  any
                subtitles and sets the appendix name as the title.

             .NUMBER APPENDIX a

                supplies a letter (a) to  be  used  as  the  letter  for  a
                subsequent APPENDIX command.

             .HEADER arg
             .HD arg

                causes the page header (title, subtitle, and  page  number)
                to  be  printed.   Arg  is  "UPPER"  to  specify upper case
                characters for the title text,  "LOWER"  to  specify  lower
|               case, or "MIXED".  The initial setting is "HEADER MIXED".  

             .NOHEADER
             .NHD

                causes the page header (title, subtitle, and  page  number)
                to be omitted.  The header lines are completely omitted, so
                that text begins at the top of the page with no top margin.



           4.3  Mode Setting


|            .ENABLE BAR
|            .EBB

|               Causes change bars to be enabled.  This causes output to be
|               shifted  to  the  right  3  columns  to  make  room for the
|               potential change bar.  This is usually done at the start of
|               a document and is disabled, if ever, only at page breaks.

|            .DISABLE BAR
|            .DBB

|               Causes change bar mode to be disabled.  If this is done  at
|               all, it is usually only at page breaks.



           RUNOFF COMMANDS                                         Page 4-9
   


|            .BEGIN BAR
|            .BB

|               Causes the change bar range to start.

|            .END BAR
|            .EB

|               Causes the change bar range to end.

             .JUSTIFY
             .J

                Causes a break and  sets  subsequent  output  lines  to  be
                justified  (initial  setting).   The  command increases the
                spaces between words until the last word exactly meets  the
                right margin.

             .NOJUSTIFY
             .NJ

                Causes a break and  prevents  justification  of  subsequent
                output lines to make a ragged right margin.

             .FILL
             .F

                Causes a break and specifies that subsequent  output  lines
                be filled (inital setting).  Sets the justification mode to
                be that specified by the  last  appearance  of  JUSTIFY  or
                NOJUSTIFY.  FILL adds successive words from the source text
                until the adding of one more word  will  exceed  the  right
                margin.   It  stops  before  putting the last word in.  (If
                hyphenation has not been  disabled,  RNO  will  attempt  to
                break words which cause line overflow into syllables.)

             .NOFILL
             .NF

                disengages the FILL and JUSTIFY  modes.   This  command  is
                used to permit typing a table.



                                           NOTE

                     1. The nofill-nojustify mode need  be  used  only
                     where  there  are several lines of material to be
                     copied exactly.  A single line example  will  not
                     require  using these commands if there are breaks
                     before and after.

                     2. Normally FILL and NOFILL are used to turn both
                     filling  and  justification  on  and  off.  It is
                     usually  desirable  to  do  both.   A  subsequent


           RUNOFF COMMANDS                                        Page 4-10
   


                     appearance   of   a  justification  command  will
                     override the fill command however.

                     3. Because  of  the  action  of  FILL,  a  single
                     occurrance  of NOJUSTIFY will cause the remainder
                     of the file to be unjustified,  with  filling  as
                     specified.  In order to justify but not fill (not
                     recommended), a JUSTIFY command must follow every
                     NOFILL command.



             .UPPER CASE
             .UC

                sets the output mode to upper case.  This command acts  the
|               same as typing two circumflexes (^^).

             .LOWER CASE
             .LC

                sets the output mode to lower case.  This command acts  the
                same as typing two backslashes (\\).

             .FLAGS CAPITALIZE
             .FL CAPITALIZE

                enables the  less-than  (<)  character  to  capitalize  the
                entire  word  it precedes.  It then returns the file to the
                current case mode.  This special character is  usually  off
                and  must be typed at the very beginning of the source text
|               to enable this character.  A space or another less-than (<)
|               returns the file to the current case lock.

             .NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE
             .NFC

                disengages the FLAG CAPITALIZE command (inital setting).

             .HYPHENATION
             .HY

|               engages hyphenization.

             .NO HYPHENATION
             .NHY

|               disengages hyphenization (initial setting).



           RUNOFF COMMANDS                                        Page 4-11
   


             .FLAGS HYPHENATE
             .FL HYPHENATE

                enables the equals character (=) to disengage hyphenization
                for  the  word  it  precedes.   This  special  character is
                initially off and must be typed at  the  beginning  of  the
                source  file to enable this character.  The FLAGS HYPHENATE
                character is used  to  disengage  hyphenization  for  words
                improperly hyphenated by the hyphenization algorithm.

             .NO FLAGS HYPHENATE
             .NFH

                Disengages the FLAGS HYPHENATE command (initial setting).

             .NFL

                Disengages the FLAGS CAPITALIZE  and  the  FLAGS  HYPHENATE
                commands (initial setting).

             .PERIOD
             .PR

|               causes at least two spaces to occur  after  every  sentence
|               seperator that is followed be a space.  Sentence seperators
|               are:  
|                         :  ;  !  ?  .  

|               (This is the initial setting).

             .NOPERIOD
             .NPR

                disengages conversion  of  period/separator  to  period/two
                spaces.

             .LITERAL
             .LIT

                disengages FILL/JUSTIFY to permit printing of text  exactly
|               as  entered  in  source  file.  All special characters (see
|               Appendix B) are treated as normal printing characters.

             .END LITERAL
             .ELI

                used after LITERAL command to re-engage FILL/JUSTIFY.



           4.4  Parameter Setting




           RUNOFF COMMANDS                                        Page 4-12
   


             .LEFT MARGIN n
             .LM n

                sets the left margin to n.  The n must  be  less  than  the
|               right  margin  but  not  less than 0.  If n is omitted, the
|               permanent left margin setting is used.  If n  is  a  signed
|               number, it as added (or subtracted) to the current value.

             .RIGHT MARGIN N
             .RM n

|               sets the right margin n.  The n must be  greater  than  the
|               left  margin.   If n is omitted, the permanent right margin
|               setting is used.  If n is a signed number, it as added  (or
|               subtracted) to the current value.

             .PAPER SIZE N,m
             .PAGE SIZE n,m
             .PS n,m

|               sets the size of the page to n  lines,  and  the  permanent
|               right margin to m.  Either n or m may be omitted.  

|            .LA120 cpi,lpi

|               causes a break and  puts  to  the  output  file  a  control
|               sequence  which  will reset the character size on an LA-120
|               terminal.  CPI (characters per inch) may be:
|                         5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, or 16
|               LPI (lines per inch) may be:
|                         2, 3, 4, 6, 8, or 12

|               Either or both parameters may be omitted.  The defaults are
|               10 CPI and 6 LPI.  If this command appears in the file, the
|               size will be automatically reset to the defaults at the end
|               of the output file.  

             .SPACING n
             .SP n

                sets the number of spaces between lines.  The n  can  range
                from  1 to 5.  The default setting is 1.  SPACING 1 is like
                single spacing on a typewriter and SPACING 2 is like double
                spacing.   SPACING  2  puts one blank line between lines of
                text.



           RUNOFF COMMANDS                                        Page 4-13
   


             .STANDARD N
             .SD n

                returns all parameters to their initial settings and sets n
                as  the  page  width.  If STANDARD 60 is specified, margins
|               are reset  LM  0,  RM  60,  PAGE  SIZE  58,60,  SPACING  1,
|               paragraph indent to the installation standard, and FILL and
                JUSTIFY are enabled.  STANDARD 70 sets right margin  to  70
                and page size to 58,70.

             .TAB STOPS n,n,...
             .TS n,n,...

                sets tabs.  The n must be greater  than  0  and  listed  in
                ascending  order.   If  tabs  already exist, the issuing of
                another TAB STOPS command clears all previous  tabs  before
                setting new ones.  The default tabs are set at eight-column
                intervals to match the Digital  hardware  standard.   These
                tabs  are at columns 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, and
                80.  The tabs are converted to the  appropriate  number  of
|               non-expandable  spaces.   If there are no regular spaces to
                the  left  of  the  tabs,  they  will  print  out  at   the
                appropriate position, even if FILL is on.

|            .RELATIVE TABS n
|            .RT n

|               specifies what the tab stops are  relative  to.   If  n  is
|               omitted, the tabs stops will be relative to the left margin
|               in effect when the tab is encountered.  If n is  '-1',  the
|               tab  stops will be relative to the left margin in effect at
|               the time this command is encountered.   Otherwise  the  tab
|               stops will be relative to column 'n'.  The initial value is
|               '0'.  

|            .UNDERLINE;text
|            .UL;text

|               the text is to be underlined in the output file.  
                                  __________

|            .DARK;TEXT

|               the text is be be overprinted to appear dark in the output.
                                  overprinted to appear dark
                                  overprinted to appear dark
                                  overprinted to appear dark

|            .SETUL

|               set the default emphasis mode for characters emphasized  by
|               instream  commands  "^&"  and  "\&" to be underscore rather
|               than dark.  This is the initial setting.



           RUNOFF COMMANDS                                        Page 4-14
   


|            .SETDARK

|               set the default emphasis mode for characters emphasized  by
|               instream  commands  "^&"  and  "\&"  to be dark rather than
|               underscore.

             .AUTOPARAGRAPH
             .AP

                causes any blank line or any line starting with a space  or
                tab to be considered as the start of a new paragraph.  This
                command allows normally typed text to be justified  without
                special  commands.   It does not cause a paragraph if blank
                lines are followed by a command.

             .NOAUTOPARAGRAPH
             .NAP

                disengages the AUTOPARAGRAPH mode.


   
   









                                      APPENDIX A

                                  RNO ERROR MESSAGES



           RUNOFF produces error messages in the following format:

                           RNO -- Error message

           This appendix tabulates the  error  messages  produced  by  RNO.
           Most of the error messages are self-explanatory.  In some cases,
           RNO prints the line in which the error has occurred, so that the
           user  can  examine  the source line which caused the problem and
           correct it.

                1.  RNO -- INTERNAL BUFFER OVERFLOW

                    This message is an internal program  error  and  should
                    never occur in normal use.

                2.  RNO -- ILLEGAL COMMAND text ON OUTPUT PAGE nn

                    where  nn  is  the  page  on  which  the  command  text
                    occurred.

                3.  RNO -- CAN'T JUSTIFY LINE:  text

                    where text is a line containing no spaces  (other  than
                    quoted spaces), so that RNO is unable to justify it.

                4.  RNO -- FATAL ERROR, ABORTING

                    This an message is internal program  error  and  should
                    never occur under normal use.

                5.  RNO -- ERROR ON OUTPUT FILE

                    A write error has occurred on the output file.  One  of
                    the following conditions exists:

                    1.  The device is full or is write protected.

                    2.  The hardware has failed.

                    3.  The user does not have write access  privileges  to
                        the file.



           RNO ERROR MESSAGES                                      Page A-2
   


                6.  RNO -- ERROR ON INPUT FILE

                    A read error has occurred on an input file.  One of the
                    following conditions may exist:

                    1.  A problem  exists  with  a  physical  device  (e.g.
                        device cycled down).

                    2.  The file is corrupted or the format is wrong.

                    3.  The file is a nonsource file.  (Object file, etc.)


                7.  RNO -- NOT ENOUGH MEMORY

                    The input file contained either too many INDEX  entries
                    and  RNO  ran  out  of index buffer space or a FOOTNOTE
                    command has caused overflow of the buffer reserved  for
                    footnotes.   RNO  stops processing the input file.  The
                    user should delete some index entries and/or reduce the
|                   amount  of  footnote  text for the last page processed.
|                   Also, RUNOFF can be installed or run with a larger /INC
|                   value.

                8.  RNO -- CAN'T INDENT LIST ELEMENT

                    The user has nested lists that  cause  RNO  to  attempt
                    indenting beyond the right margin.

                9.  RNO -- CAN'T REDUCE MARGINS

                    A NOTE command occurred after the margins were  set  to
                    values  that  prevent  the  NOTE  command from reducing
                    margins by 15.

                10. RNO -- COMMAND SYNTAX ERROR

                    The user has entered a command in a  format  that  does
                    not conform to syntax rules.

                11. RNO -- OUTPUT FILE SPECIFICATION ERROR

                    An error  exists  in  the  output  file  specification.
                    Correct the specification and re-enter the command.

                12. RNO -- OUTPUT FILE OPEN FAILURE

                    The file system, while attempting to  open  the  output
                    file,  has  detected  an  error.   One of the following
                    conditions may exist:

                    1.  The user's directory file is protected  against  an
                        open.


           RNO ERROR MESSAGES                                      Page A-3
   


                    2.  A problem exists with the physical device.

                    3.  The volume is not mounted.

                    4.  The specified file directory does not exist.

                    5.  The device is full of write protected.


                13. RNO -- INPUT FILE SPECIFICATION ERROR

                    An  error  exists  in  the  input  file  specification.
                    Correct the specification and re-enter the command.

                14. RNO -- INPUT FILE OPEN ERROR

                    The file system, while  attempting  to  open  an  input
                    file,  has  detected  an  error.   One of the following
                    conditions may exist.

                    1.  The user directory file  is  protected  against  an
                        open.

                    2.  A problem exists with the physical device.

                    3.  The volume is not mounted.

                    4.  The specified file directory does not exist.

                    5.  The file does not exist as specified.




   
   









                                      APPENDIX B

                                  Special Characters



           Below is a list of RUNOFF's special characters.   To  appear  in
           the  text,  each  must  be  preceded by the underscore character
           (itself a special character).


                      ^    shift character for upper case
                      \    shift character for lower case
                      <    flag character for upper case *
                      #    quoted space character
                      =    flag character for disabling hyphenation **
                      &    underscore
                      _    quote special character

























           ----------
           *Only  becomes  a  special  character  if  FLAGS  CAPITALIZE  is
           engaged.
           **Only  becomes  a  special  character  if  FLAGS  HYPHENATE  is
           engaged.


   
   









                                      APPENDIX C

                           List of Commands (Alphabetical)



           Command or Abbreviation             Related Commands
           _______ __ ____________             _______ ________


           AP          (=autoparagraph)
           APPENDIX text (AX)                 NUMBER APPENDIX a
           AX          (=appendix)
           AUTOPARAGRAPH (AP)                 NOAUTOPARAGRAPH (NAP)


           B           (=blank)
           BB          (=begin bar)
           BEGIN BAR (BB)                     END BAR (EB)
           BLANK n (B)                        SKIP n (S)
           BR          (=break)
           BREAK (BR)


           C           (=centre)
           CENTER      (=centre)
           CENTRE n;text (C)
           CH          (=chapter)
           CHAPTER text (CH)                  NUMBER CHAPTER n
           COMMENT text


           DBB         (= DISABLE BAR)
           DISABLE BAR (DBB)                  ENABLE BAR (EBB)
           DO INDEX text (DX)                 PRINT INDEX (PX)
           DX          (=do index)


           EB          (=end bar)
           EBB         (=enable bar)
           ELS         (=end list)
           EN          (=end note)
           END BAR (EB)                       BEGIN BAR (BB)
           ENABLE BAR (EBB)                   DISABLE BAR (DBB)
           END LIST (ELS)                     LIST n (LS)
           END LITERAL (ELI)                  LITERAL (LIT)
           END NOTE (EN)                      NOTE text (NT)
           END SUBPAGE                        SUBPAGE


           List of Commands (Alphabetical)                         Page C-2
   


           F           (=fill)
           FG          (=figure)
           FIGURE n (FG)
           FILL (F)                           NOFILL (NF)
           FIRST TITLE text (FT)              TITLE text
           FLAGS CAPITALIZE (FL CAPITALIZE)   NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE (NFL)
           FLAGS HYPHENATE                    HYPHENATION (HY)
           FN          (=footnote)
           FOOTNOTE n (FN)
           FT          (=first title)


           HD          (=header)
           HEADER arg (HD)                    NOHEADER (NHD)
               [arg=UPPER, LOWER, or MIXED]
           HEADER LEVEL n text (HL)
           HL          (=header level)
           HY          (=hyphenation)
           HYPHENATION (HY)                   NO HYPHENATION (NHY)


           I           (=indent)
           INDENT n (I)
           INDEX text (X)


           J           (=justify)
           JUSTIFY (J)                        NOJUSTIFY (NJ)


           LC          (=lower case)
           LE          (=list element)
           LEFT MARGIN n (LM)                 RIGHT MARGIN n (RM)
           LIST n (LS)                        END LIST (ELS)
           LIST ELEMENT;text (LE)             END LIST (ELS)
           LIT         (=literal)
           LITERAL (LIT)                      END LITERAL (ELI)
           LM          (=left margin)
           LOWER CASE (LC)                    UPPER CASE (UC)
           LS          (=list)


           NAP         (=noautoparagraph)
           NF          (=nofill)
           NFL         (=no flags capitalize)
           NHD         (=no header)
           NHY         (=no hyphenation)
           NJ          (=no justify)
           NM          (=number)
           NNM         (=no number)
           NOAUTOPARAGRAPH (NAP)              AUTOPARAGRAPH (AP)
                                              PARAGRAPH n,v,t (P)
           NOFILL (NF)                        FILL (F)
           NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE (NFL)          FLAGS CAPITALIZE
           NOHEADER (NHD)                     HEADER arg (HD)


           List of Commands (Alphabetical)                         Page C-3
   


           NO HYPHENATION (NHY)               HYPHENATION (HY)
           NOJUSTIFY (NJ)                     JUSTIFY (J)
           NONUMBER (NNM)                     NUMBER n (NM)
           NOPERIOD (NPR)                     PERIOD (PR)
           NOTE text (NT)                     END NOTE (EN)
           NPR         (=no period)
           NT          (=note)
           NUMBER APPENDIX a                  APPENDIX text
           NUMBER CHAPTER n                   CHAPTER text


           P           (=paragraph)
           PAGE (PG)
           PAGE SIZE   (=paper size)
           PAPER SIZE v,h (PS, PAGE SIZE)
           PARAGRAPH h,v,t (P)
           PERIOD (PR)                        NOPERIOD (NPR)
           PG          (=page)
           PRINT INDEX (PX)                   DO INDEX text (DX)
           PS          (=paper size)
           PX          (=print index)


           RIGHT MARGIN n (RM)
           RM          (=right margin)


           S           (=skip)
           SD          (=standard)
           SKIP n (S)                         BLANK n (B)
           SP          (=spacing)
           SPACING n (SP)
           ST          (=subtitle)
           SUBPAGE                            END SUBPAGE
           SUBTITLE text (ST)


           T           (=title)
           TAB STOPS n,n, ... ,n (TS)
           TEST PAGE n (TP)
           TITLE text (T)
           TP          (=test page)
           TS          (=tab stops)


           UC          (=upper case)
           UPPER CASE (UC)                    LOWER CASE (LC)


           X           (=index)
            


   
   









                                      APPENDIX I

                                        INDEX






                       (RUNOFF commands appear in upper case.)

        APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
        AUTOPARAGRAPH  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

        BEGIN BAR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
        BLANK n  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
        BREAK  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1, 4-1

        Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
        Case Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
        CENTER n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
        CENTRE n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
        CHAPTER  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
        Command format . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
        Command string . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
        Commands, formatting . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
        Commands, mode setting . . . . . . . . . 4-8
        Commands, page formatting  . . . . . . . 4-4
        COMMENT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

        dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
        Dark Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
        DISABLE BAR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
        DO INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

        ENABLE BAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
        END BAR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
        END LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
        END LITERAL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
        END NOTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
        END SUBPAGE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
        Error messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

        FIGURE n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
        File Specifications  . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
        FILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
        Filling of text  . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
        FIRST TITLE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6


           INDEX                                                   Page I-2
   


        FLAGS CAPITALIZE . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
        FLAGS HYPHENATE  . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
        FOOTNOTE n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
        Form-feeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
        Formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

        HEADER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
        HEADER LEVEL n . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
        HYPHENATION  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
        Hyphenation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3, 3-3

        INDENT n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
        INDEX  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

        Justification of text  . . . . . . . . . 3-1
        JUSTIFY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

        LEFT MARGIN n  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
        LIST ELEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
        LIST n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
        LITERAL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
        Literals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
        LOWER CASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

        Mode Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

        NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE  . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
        NO FLAGS HYPHENATE . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
        NO HYPHENATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
        NOAUTOPARAGRAPH  . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
        NOFILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
        NOHEADER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
        NOJUSTIFY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
        NONUMBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
        NOPERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
        NOTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
        NUMBER APPENDIX a  . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
        NUMBER CHAPTER n . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
        NUMBER n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

        Operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

        PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
        Page formatting  . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
        Page Numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
        PAGE SIZE n,m  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
        PAPER SIZE n,m . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
        PARAGRAPH n,v,t  . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
        PARAMETER SETTING  . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
        PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
        PRINT INDEX  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

        Quote character  . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
        Quoted Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3



           INDEX                                                   Page I-3
   


        Relative arguments . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
        RIGHT MARGIN n . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
        Right shift  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
        Runoff Commands  . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

        set dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
        set underline  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
        setdark  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
        setul  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
        SKIP n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
        Source File Format . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
        Space  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1, 3-3
        SPACING n  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
        Special characters . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3, B-1
        Spooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
        STANDARD n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
        SUBPAGE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
        SUBTITLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
        Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

        TAB STOPS n,n  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
        Table of Contents  . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
        TEST PAGE n  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
        TITLE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1, 4-6

        ul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
        UNDERLINE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
        Underline  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
        Underlining  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
        Underscore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
        Underscoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
        UPPER CASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

        Word Emphasis  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
        Word spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1








                               Table of Contents


    1.0    INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

    2.0    RSX/IAS OPERATING PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . 2-1
    2.1    Initiating Runoff  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
    2.2    Rno Command String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
    2.2.1  File Specifications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
    2.2.2  RNO  Switches  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

    3.0    SOURCE FILE FORMAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
    3.1    Case Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
    3.2    Special Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
    3.3    Table of Contents  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
    3.4    Word Emphasis  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
    3.5    Margins and Page Size  . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

    4.0    RUNOFF COMMANDS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
    4.1    Text Formatting  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
    4.2    Page Formatting  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
    4.3    Mode Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
    4.4    Parameter Setting  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11

    A.0    RNO ERROR MESSAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

    B.0    Special Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

    C.0    List of Commands (Alphabetical)  . . . . . . . C-1

    I.0    INDEX  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1
