![[Digital logo]](../../IMAGES/DIGITAL-LOGO.GIF){kind=logo}
![[HR]](../../IMAGES/REDBAR.GIF)
Output Save-Set QualifierSpecifies whether the software cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is to be computed and stored in the data blocks of the output save set.
input-specifier output-save-set-spec/[NO]CRC
The default is /CRC. To disable checking, use /NOCRC; note that use of /NOCRC reduces processing time but increases the risk of data loss.
$ BACKUP/RECORD []/SINCE=BACKUP MTA2:928SAVE.BCK/NOCRC
This command saves all files in the current default directory that have been created or modified since the last BACKUP/RECORD operation to the save set 928SAVE.BCK; the output save-set qualifier /NOCRC disables cyclic redundancy checking.
Input File-Selection QualifierSelects files according to the value of the creation date field in each file header record.
input-specifier/BEFORE=time/CREATED output-specifier
input-specifier/SINCE=time/CREATED output-specifier
You must use either the /BEFORE qualifier or the /SINCE qualifier with /CREATED. The date and time you specify with /BEFORE or /SINCE determine which files should be processed.You cannot use /CREATED with the /BACKUP, /MODIFIED, or /EXPIRED qualifiers.
$ BACKUP *.SDML/SINCE=YESTERDAY/CREATED DLA2:[SAVEDIR]/SAVE_SET
The command in this example saves all files with a file type of .SDML created since yesterday (24 hours before midnight last night).
Command QualifierSpecifies that a BACKUP save or copy operation is to delete the selected input files from the input volume after all files have been successfully processed.
/DELETE file-spec save-set-spec
The /DELETE qualifier is valid only when used in a BACKUP save or copy operation. You must have sufficient privilege to delete files; if you do not, files protected against deletion are not deleted. If you use the command qualifier /VERIFY with /DELETE, files that fail verification are not deleted.You cannot use /DELETE with the /RECORD or /COMPARE command qualifiers.
Examples
$ BACKUP/DELETE BOP.DAT MTA0:BOP.BCK/LABEL=DANCE
$ BACKUP/VERIFY/DELETE RAY.DAT,JOE.DAT,ELLA.DAT MTA0:OSCAR.BCK/LABEL=FRIEND
Output Save-Set QualifierSpecifies the recording density of the output magnetic tape in bits per inch (bits/in). You must specify the output save-set qualifier /REWIND with /DENSITY.
input-specifier output-save-set-spec/DENSITY=n
The value that you specify must be supported by your magnetic tape hardware. If you omit this qualifier, the default density is the current density on the output tape drive.The /DENSITY qualifier is incompatible with the output save-set qualifier /NOREWIND. You must specify the output save-set qualifier /REWIND to initialize the magnetic tape when using the /DENSITY qualifier. When you specify /DENSITY/REWIND, BACKUP rewinds the tape to the beginning-of-tape. Then BACKUP initializes the tape with the new density, removing access to all data that previously resided on the tape.
$ BACKUP *.PAS MTA2:SAVEPAS.BCK/DENSITY=1600/REWIND/LABEL=PASCAL
The magnetic tape on drive MTA2 is initialized. All files with a file type of .PAS in the current default directory are saved to the save set SAVEPAS.BCK. The /DENSITY qualifier sets the recording density to 1600 bits/in.
Output Save-Set QualifierDepending on the other qualifiers you specify on the command line, the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier allows you to do the following:
- Specify the exact order of tape volume labels that you want to use in a BACKUP operation.
- Preserve the existing volume label on a tape.
- Prevent previous volumes of a multivolume save operation from being overwritten.
input-specifier output-save-set-spec/EXACT_ORDER
The /EXACT_ORDER qualifier allows you to do the following:
- Specify the exact order of tape volume labels that you want to use in a BACKUP operation. You must use the /LABEL=(label1,label2,...) qualifier to specify the order of the labels. BACKUP continues the operation as long as the label of the tape in the drive matches the corresponding label on the command line. If you do not specify enough labels on the command line to complete the operation, BACKUP prompts you to enter a label for the tape in the drive.
- Preserve the existing volume label on a tape. If you do not use the /LABEL qualifier on the command line and the tape has an ANSI label, BACKUP uses the existing label.
- Prevent previous volumes of a multivolume save operation from being overwritten. BACKUP keeps track of the volume labels you have already used in the operation. If you accidently mount one of the previous volumes, BACKUP displays the following error message:
%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 1 on MKB100: was not mounted because its label does not match the one requested Volume with label TAPE1 was already used in this save operation specify option (QUIT or NEW tape) BACKUP>Note the following restrictions when you use the /EXACT_ORDER output qualifier:
- If you use the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier, you cannot specify a label longer than six characters on the command line. If you specify a label longer than six characters, BACKUP displays the following error message:
%BACKUP-F-INVQUAVAL, value 'label_name' invalid for /LABEL qualifier- You cannot use the /IGNORE=LABEL_PROCESSING qualifier with the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier.
- You cannot use /REWIND as an output qualifier with the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier.
- If you use the /LABEL qualifier with the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier, you cannot specify duplicate labels.
The default is /NOEXACT_ORDER.
Examples
$ BACKUP/IMAGE/RECORD/VERIFY/NOASSIST _From: DKA100: _To: MKB100:MAR11.SAV/LABEL=(TAPE1,TAPE2,TAPE3)/EXACT_ORDER
%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 1 on MKB100: was not mounted because its label does not match the one requested %BACKUP-W-EXLABEER, volume label processing failed because volume TAPE4 is out of order, Volume label TAPE1 was expected specify option (QUIT, NEW tape, OVERWRITE tape, USE loaded tape) BACKUP> OVERWRITE
%BACKUP-I-RESUME, resuming operation on volume 2 %BACKUP-I-READYWRITE, mount volume TAPE2 on MKB100: for writing Respond with YES when ready:
%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 4 on MKB100: was not mounted because the label was not specified specify EXACT_ORDER label (up to 6 characters) BACKUP>
$ BACKUP/IMAGE/RECORD/VERIFY/NOASSIST _From: DKA100:[TEST] _To: MKB100:MAR11.SAV/EXACT_ORDER
%BACKUP-F-NOTANSI, tape is not valid ANSI format
%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 2 on MKB100: was not mounted because the label was not specified specify EXACT_ORDER label (up to 6 characters) BACKUP>
Note
BACKUP checks to make sure you specify a valid label. If the label is not valid (for example, longer than six characters), BACKUP displays an error message. In previous versions of the OpenVMS operating system, BACKUP truncated long volume labels.
Input File-Selection QualifierExcludes files that otherwise meet the selection criteria for a save or copy operation. The excluded files are not processed.
input-specifier/EXCLUDE=(file-spec[,...]) output-specifier
If you specify more than one file, separate the file specifications with commas and enclose the list in parentheses. Do not use a device specification when defining the files to be excluded. You can use most standard wildcard characters, but you cannot use wildcard characters denoting latest versions of files (;) or relative versions of files (;-n).Note that BACKUP does not apply temporary file specification defaults within the list. Each file specification independently takes its defaults from the file specification [000000...]*.*;*.
If you specify directory files (files with the file type .DIR), your command is processed but the directory files are not excluded (they are processed). BACKUP uses directory files to facilitate incremental restore operations.
You cannot use the /EXCLUDE qualifier in image restore operations.
$ BACKUP _From: DRA2:[CONTRACTS]/BEFORE=TODAY/EXCLUDE=(*.OBJ,*.MAI) _To: MFA0:CONTRACT.BCK/LABEL=DLY102
All files in the directory [CONTRACTS] that have a modification date prior to today (the current day, month, and year at 00:00:00.0 o'clock) are saved to the save set CONTRACT.BCK on drive MFA0, except for those with a file type of .OBJ or .MAI.
Input File-Selection QualifierSelects files according to the value of the expiration date field in each file header record.
input-specifier/BEFORE=time /EXPIRED output-specifier
input-specifier/SINCE=time /EXPIRED output-specifier
You must use the input file-selection qualifier /BEFORE or /SINCE with /EXPIRED. The date and time you specify to /BEFORE or /SINCE determines which files are processed.You cannot use /EXPIRED with the input file-selection qualifiers /BACKUP, /MODIFIED, or /CREATED.
$ BACKUP [CONTRACTS]/BEFORE=TOMORROW/EXPIRED MTA1:30DEC.BCK/LABEL=WK04
This command saves all files in the directory [CONTRACTS] that have an expiration date prior to tomorrow (24 hours after midnight last night) to a save set named 30DEC.BCK.
Command QualifierProcesses the input specifier using a fast file scan to reduce processing time. The input specifier must be a Files--11 disk.
/FAST input-specifier output-specifier
The fast file scan reads the index file on the Files--11 disk specified by the input specifier and creates a table of files that match the qualifiers you specified.When you use the /FAST qualifier to save a disk, ALIAS directory trees are not processed. Only the primary files that the ALIAS points to are saved. Depending on the number of ALIAS directory specifications there are on the disk, this may increase performance by reducing the number of files BACKUP checks for processing. A message is displayed for each ALIAS directory or file that is not processed.
To perform a fast file scan, you need write access to the INDEXF.SYS file on the input medium, or the input medium must be write-locked. This requirement is necessary because BACKUP opens the index file to synchronize with the file system, whether or not any update is made.
A fast file scan is most useful when the input specifier includes most of the files on the volume, and file-selection qualifiers (such as those that pertain to date or owner) specify a relatively small set of the files named. Because image operations implicitly use the fast file scan, the /FAST qualifier is ignored if used with the command qualifier /IMAGE.
You cannot use /FAST in restore operations.
$ BACKUP/FAST _From: DBA1:[*...]/MODIFIED/SINCE=TODAY _To: MTA0:13NOVBAK.BCK,MTA1:/LABEL=WK201
In this example, all files on the disk DBA1 that have been modified today are saved to a multireel tape save set named 13NOVBAK.BCK. The /FAST qualifier is used to reduce processing time.
Command QualifierLists the file information produced by the command qualifier /LIST in the format provided by the DCL command DIRECTORY/FULL.
/LIST/FULL input-specifier [output-specifier]
The /FULL qualifier is valid only with the command qualifier /LIST.If you do not specify /FULL with /LIST, the /LIST qualifier uses the default command qualifier /BRIEF and lists only the file specification, size, and creation date of each file. When you specify /FULL, the list includes more information from the file header records, such as the BACKUP date, date of last modification, number of blocks allocated to the file, file protection and organization, and record attributes.
$ BACKUP/LIST/FULL MTA1:ROCK.BCK
Listing of save set(s)
Save set: ROCK.BCK
Written by: RINGO
UIC: [000200,000300]
Date: 20-AUG-1996 15:39:38.89
Command: BACKUP [.STONES] MTA0:ROCK.BCK/LABEL=BACKUP
Operating system: OpenVMS Alpha Version V7.1
BACKUP version: V7.1
CPU ID register: 08000000
Node name: _SUZI::
Written on: _MTA0:
Block size: 8192
Group size: 10
Buffer count: 30
[RINGO.STONES]GRAPHITE.DAT;1
Size: 1/1 Created: 18-AUG-1996 14:10
Owner: [000200,000200] Revised: 18-AUG-1996 14:10 (2)
File ID: (91,7,1) Expires: [None specified]
Backup: [No backup done]
File protection: System:RWED, Owner:RWED, Group:RE, World:
File organization: Sequential
File attributes: Allocation = 1, Extend = 0
Global Buffer Count = 0
Record format: Variable length, maximum 255 bytes
Record attributes: Carriage return
[RINGO.STONES]GRANITE.DAT;1
Size: 1/1 Created: 18-AUG-1996 14:11
Owner: [000200,000200] Revised: 18-AUG-1996 14:11 (2)
File ID: (92,9,1) Expires: [None specified]
Backup: [No backup done]
File protection: System:RWED, Owner:RWED, Group:RE, World:
File organization: Sequential
File attributes: Allocation = 1, Extend = 0
Global Buffer Count = 0
Record format: Variable length, maximum 255 bytes
Record attributes: Carriage return
.
.
.
Total of 4 files, 16 blocks
End of save set
The command in this example lists the files in save set MTA1:ROCK.BCK in full format.
Output Save-Set QualifierDefines the number of blocks BACKUP places in each redundancy group.
input-specifier output-save-set-spec/GROUP_SIZE=n
BACKUP writes redundant information to output save sets to protect against data loss. Using the redundant information, BACKUP can correct one uncorrectable read error in each redundancy group. The /GROUP_SIZE qualifier specifies the number of output blocks written to each redundancy group. The value of n can be 0 to 100. The default value is 10.If you define a value of 0 for /GROUP_SIZE, no redundancy groups are created for the save set.
$ BACKUP/RECORD DBA1:[*...]/SINCE=BACKUP TAPE:SAVEWORK.BCK/GROUP_SIZE=5
This BACKUP command saves all files in the current default directory tree that have been modified since the last BACKUP/RECORD operation; the /GROUP_SIZE defines the redundancy group size as 5 blocks.
Command QualifierSpecifies that a BACKUP save or copy operation will override restrictions placed on files or will not perform tape label processing checks.
/IGNORE= option input-specifier output-specifier
The /IGNORE=option qualifier has four options:
ACCESSIBILITY Processes files on a tape that is protected by a volume accessibility character, or on a tape created by HSC Backup. The option applies only to tapes. It affects the first tape mounted and all subsequent tapes in the save set. INTERLOCK Processes files that otherwise could not be processed due to file access conflicts. Use this option to save or copy files currently open for writing. Note that no synchronization is made with the process writing the file, so the file data that is copied might be inconsistent with the input file, depending on the circumstances (for example, if another user is editing the file, the contents might change). When a file open for writing is processed, BACKUP issues the following message: %BACKUP-W-ACCONFLICT, 'filename' is open for write by another user.
The INTERLOCK option is especially useful if you have files that are open so much of the time that they might not otherwise be saved. The use of this option requires the user privilege SYSPRV, a system UIC, or ownership of the volume.
LABEL_PROCESSING Saves or copies the contents of files to the specified magnetic tape volume regardless of the information contained in the volume header record. BACKUP does not verify the volume label or expiration date before writing information to the tape volume. Note that you cannot use this option with the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier. NOBACKUP Saves or copies both the file header record and the contents of files marked with the NOBACKUP flag by the /NOBACKUP qualifier of the DCL command SET FILE. If you do not specify this option, BACKUP saves only the file header record of files marked with the NOBACKUP flag.
Examples
$ BACKUP/IGNORE=INTERLOCK _From: DUA0:[SUSAN...] _To: MTA0:SONGBIRD.BCK/LABEL=TAPE01
$ BACKUP/IGNORE=LABEL_PROCESSING *.*;* MFA1:MYFILES.BCK/REWIND
$ INITIALIZE/LABEL=VOLUME_ACCESSIBILITY:"K" MUA1: 29JUN $ BACKUP/IGNORE=(ACCESSIBILITY) _From: DUA0:[BOOKS...] _To: MUA1:BACKUP.SAV /LABEL=29JUN
Command QualifierDirects BACKUP to process an entire volume or volume set.
/IMAGE input-specifier output-specifier
To use the /IMAGE qualifier, you need write access to the volume index file (INDEXF.SYS) and the bit map file (BITMAP.SYS), or the input medium must be write-locked. BACKUP opens the index file to synchronize with the file system (no update is made). Finally, you must have read access to all files on the input medium.When you use the /IMAGE qualifier to save a disk, ALIAS directory trees are not processed. Only the primary files that the ALIAS points to are saved. Depending on the number of ALIAS directory specifications there are on the disk, this may increase performance by reducing the number of files BACKUP checks for processing.
Note
The input and output devices in an image operation must be different except in an image save operation when the output device is a Files--11 disk save set.
If the output volume is a disk, all files on the output volume are stored contiguously. Contiguous storage of files eliminates disk fragmentation and creates contiguous free blocks of disk space.
Because all files on the input volume are processed, you cannot use input file-selection qualifiers in image copy or save operations. You can, however, restore files and directories selectively from an image save set.
When performing image operations on volume sets (more than one volume), the number of volumes specified by the output specifier must be equal to the number of volumes in the input volume set.
In an image save or copy operation, BACKUP attempts to save or copy all files on the input disk volume including files marked for deletion and lost files (files without a directory entry). However, by default a BACKUP image operation does not save or copy two types of files. These are files that are flagged as NOBACKUP by the DCL command SET FILE/NOBACKUP and files that are open for write access by another user at the time of the image save operation. If you want these files to be included, specify the command qualifier /IGNORE in the BACKUP command line. The command qualifier /IGNORE=NOBACKUP directs BACKUP to save or copy files flagged as NOBACKUP. The command qualifier /IGNORE=INTERLOCK directs BACKUP to save or copy files open for write access by another user.
An image restore or copy operation initializes the output volume or volume set. The initialization data comes from the save-volume summary record of the input volume unless the command qualifier /NOINITIALIZE is specified. Specifying /NOINITIALIZE directs BACKUP to initialize the output volume using volume initialization data that already exists on the output volume.
In image restore and copy operations, every file is restored or copied. The output volume must be mounted using the /FOREIGN qualifier. The new volume is a functionally equivalent copy of the input volume; however, file placement will change. Files are stored contiguously on the output volume.
You cannot change the structure level of the output volume in an image restore or copy operation. A BACKUP operation to mixed tape and disk save sets, as shown in the following command, is unsupported:
$ BACKUP SYS$DISK:/IMAGE dka0:FUN,MKA0:/SAVE/REW
Examples
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN DMA1: %MOUNT-I-MOUNTED, mounted on NODE$DMA1: $ BACKUP/IMAGE/LOG DLA2: DMA1: %BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]000000.DIR;1 %BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]BACKUP.SYS;1 %BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]CONTIN.SYS;1 %BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]CORIMG.SYS;1 %BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]ELLA.DIR;1 %BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[ELLA]SCAT.DAT;1 %BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]JOE.DIR;1 %BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[JOE]STRINGS.DAT;1 %BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]OSCAR.DIR;1 %BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[OSCAR]KEYS.DAT;1 %BACKUP-S-CREATED, created DMA1:[000000]VOLSET.SYS;1 . . . $
$ BACKUP/IMAGE DBA2: MTA0:ET.BCK,MTA1:
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN DBA1: %MOUNT-I-MOUNTED, mounted on NODE$DBA1: $ BACKUP/IMAGE WORKDISK DBA1:28SEP.BCK/SAVE_SET
6048P014.HTM OSSG Documentation 26-NOV-1996 12:42:38.06
Copyright © Digital Equipment Corporation 1996. All Rights Reserved.